Evolving trends in lung cancer risk factors in the ten most populous countries: an analysis of data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease StudyResearch in context
Summary: Background: Amid shifting tobacco policies and escalating air pollution levels, Lung Cancer (LC) risk factors have changed notably. Continuous assessment of these risk factors is necessary. This study compares trends in tobacco, air pollution, and asbestos-associated Age-Standardized Morta...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | EClinicalMedicine |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537024006126 |
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| author | Chinmay T. Jani Samuel A. Kareff Dan Morgenstern-Kaplan Ana S. Salazar Georgina Hanbury Justin D. Salciccioli Dominic C. Marshall Joseph Shalhoub Harpreet Singh Estelamari Rodriguez Gilberto Lopes |
| author_facet | Chinmay T. Jani Samuel A. Kareff Dan Morgenstern-Kaplan Ana S. Salazar Georgina Hanbury Justin D. Salciccioli Dominic C. Marshall Joseph Shalhoub Harpreet Singh Estelamari Rodriguez Gilberto Lopes |
| author_sort | Chinmay T. Jani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: Background: Amid shifting tobacco policies and escalating air pollution levels, Lung Cancer (LC) risk factors have changed notably. Continuous assessment of these risk factors is necessary. This study compares trends in tobacco, air pollution, and asbestos-associated Age-Standardized Mortality Rates (ASMR) from Trachea, Bronchus, and Lung (TBL) Cancer across the top ten most populated countries (2023 censuses) and globally. Methods: We extracted overall and risk-factor-associated TBL cancer ASMR of the ten most populated countries for 1990–2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database using the dedicated results tool (http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool). GBD mapped the mortality data related to ICD codes (C33–C34, D02.1-D02.2, D38.1, 162–162.9, 231.1, 231.2, 231.8, 235.7 from ICD10 and B101 from ICD9). Tobacco, occupational exposure to asbestos and air pollution (ambient particulate matter and household air pollution) associated TBL cancer mortality data were extracted to evaluate the trends based on risk factors. We calculated relative changes in ASMRs between 1990 and 2019 for each sex in each country for each risk factor. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to calculate the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for each line segment, allowing for trend assessment. Findings: Globally, TBL Cancer mortality has decreased by 8%, with a decrease for males but an increase for females. Globally, both tobacco and air pollution-associated TBL cancer ASMR have decreased. While tobacco-associated ASMR has increased in China and Indonesia, air pollution-associated ASMR has also increased in China, India, Pakistan, and Nigeria. On stratification, while PM-associated mortality increased by 25% globally, household-associated TBL cancer ASMR decreased by 62%. China had the highest PM-associated TBL Cancer in 2019 (8.8/100,000), twice higher than the global average. Despite a decline in asbestos-associated TBL cancer ASMR from 8.91/100,000 to 6.0/100,000, the rate in the United States remained twice higher than the global average for the entire study period. Interpretation: Tobacco-associated TBL cancer mortality is declining but still predominant. Ambient particulate matter-associated TBL cancer mortality is rising, requiring policy and awareness efforts. Expanding access to preventive services and addressing underlying risk factors are essential steps required toward reducing lung cancer mortality at the global level. Funding: This study did not receive any funding support. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-18b65b2c83bd40df8e9fac8b4c0b7663 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2589-5370 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EClinicalMedicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-18b65b2c83bd40df8e9fac8b4c0b76632025-01-22T05:43:45ZengElsevierEClinicalMedicine2589-53702025-01-0179103033Evolving trends in lung cancer risk factors in the ten most populous countries: an analysis of data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease StudyResearch in contextChinmay T. Jani0Samuel A. Kareff1Dan Morgenstern-Kaplan2Ana S. Salazar3Georgina Hanbury4Justin D. Salciccioli5Dominic C. Marshall6Joseph Shalhoub7Harpreet Singh8Estelamari Rodriguez9Gilberto Lopes10Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA; Medical Data Research Collaborative, London, UK; Corresponding author. Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami, Jackson Health System, USA.Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USA; Lynn Cancer Institute, Baptist Health, Boca Raton, FLSylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USASylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USAMedical Data Research Collaborative, London, UK; Department of Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UKMedical Data Research Collaborative, London, UK; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAMedical Data Research Collaborative, London, UK; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UKMedical Data Research Collaborative, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UKMedical Data Research Collaborative, London, UK; Division of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San FranciscoSylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USASylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Jackson Health System, Miami, FL, USASummary: Background: Amid shifting tobacco policies and escalating air pollution levels, Lung Cancer (LC) risk factors have changed notably. Continuous assessment of these risk factors is necessary. This study compares trends in tobacco, air pollution, and asbestos-associated Age-Standardized Mortality Rates (ASMR) from Trachea, Bronchus, and Lung (TBL) Cancer across the top ten most populated countries (2023 censuses) and globally. Methods: We extracted overall and risk-factor-associated TBL cancer ASMR of the ten most populated countries for 1990–2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database using the dedicated results tool (http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool). GBD mapped the mortality data related to ICD codes (C33–C34, D02.1-D02.2, D38.1, 162–162.9, 231.1, 231.2, 231.8, 235.7 from ICD10 and B101 from ICD9). Tobacco, occupational exposure to asbestos and air pollution (ambient particulate matter and household air pollution) associated TBL cancer mortality data were extracted to evaluate the trends based on risk factors. We calculated relative changes in ASMRs between 1990 and 2019 for each sex in each country for each risk factor. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to calculate the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for each line segment, allowing for trend assessment. Findings: Globally, TBL Cancer mortality has decreased by 8%, with a decrease for males but an increase for females. Globally, both tobacco and air pollution-associated TBL cancer ASMR have decreased. While tobacco-associated ASMR has increased in China and Indonesia, air pollution-associated ASMR has also increased in China, India, Pakistan, and Nigeria. On stratification, while PM-associated mortality increased by 25% globally, household-associated TBL cancer ASMR decreased by 62%. China had the highest PM-associated TBL Cancer in 2019 (8.8/100,000), twice higher than the global average. Despite a decline in asbestos-associated TBL cancer ASMR from 8.91/100,000 to 6.0/100,000, the rate in the United States remained twice higher than the global average for the entire study period. Interpretation: Tobacco-associated TBL cancer mortality is declining but still predominant. Ambient particulate matter-associated TBL cancer mortality is rising, requiring policy and awareness efforts. Expanding access to preventive services and addressing underlying risk factors are essential steps required toward reducing lung cancer mortality at the global level. Funding: This study did not receive any funding support.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537024006126Lung cancerAir pollutionDisparitiesDisease burdenTobacco |
| spellingShingle | Chinmay T. Jani Samuel A. Kareff Dan Morgenstern-Kaplan Ana S. Salazar Georgina Hanbury Justin D. Salciccioli Dominic C. Marshall Joseph Shalhoub Harpreet Singh Estelamari Rodriguez Gilberto Lopes Evolving trends in lung cancer risk factors in the ten most populous countries: an analysis of data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease StudyResearch in context EClinicalMedicine Lung cancer Air pollution Disparities Disease burden Tobacco |
| title | Evolving trends in lung cancer risk factors in the ten most populous countries: an analysis of data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease StudyResearch in context |
| title_full | Evolving trends in lung cancer risk factors in the ten most populous countries: an analysis of data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease StudyResearch in context |
| title_fullStr | Evolving trends in lung cancer risk factors in the ten most populous countries: an analysis of data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease StudyResearch in context |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolving trends in lung cancer risk factors in the ten most populous countries: an analysis of data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease StudyResearch in context |
| title_short | Evolving trends in lung cancer risk factors in the ten most populous countries: an analysis of data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease StudyResearch in context |
| title_sort | evolving trends in lung cancer risk factors in the ten most populous countries an analysis of data from the 2019 global burden of disease studyresearch in context |
| topic | Lung cancer Air pollution Disparities Disease burden Tobacco |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537024006126 |
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