Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 viruses
Influenza A/H5N1 has circulated in Asia since 2003 and is now enzootic in many countries in that region. In Cambodia, the virus has circulated since 2004 and has intermittently infected humans. During this period, we have noted differences in the rate of infections in humans, potentially associated...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2020.1792353 |
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| author | Paul F. Horwood Thomas Fabrizio Srey Viseth Horm Artem Metlin Sopheaktra Ros Songha Tok Trushar Jeevan Patrick Seiler Phalla Y Sareth Rith Annika Suttie Philippe Buchy Erik A. Karlsson Richard Webby Philippe Dussart |
| author_facet | Paul F. Horwood Thomas Fabrizio Srey Viseth Horm Artem Metlin Sopheaktra Ros Songha Tok Trushar Jeevan Patrick Seiler Phalla Y Sareth Rith Annika Suttie Philippe Buchy Erik A. Karlsson Richard Webby Philippe Dussart |
| author_sort | Paul F. Horwood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Influenza A/H5N1 has circulated in Asia since 2003 and is now enzootic in many countries in that region. In Cambodia, the virus has circulated since 2004 and has intermittently infected humans. During this period, we have noted differences in the rate of infections in humans, potentially associated with the circulation of different viral clades. In particular, a reassortant clade 1.1.2 virus emerged in early 2013 and was associated with a dramatic increase in infections of humans (34 cases) until it was replaced by a clade 2.3.2.1c virus in early 2014. In contrast, only one infection of a human has been reported in the 6 years since the clade 2.3.2.1c virus became the dominant circulating virus. We selected three viruses to represent the main viral clades that have circulated in Cambodia (clade 1.1.2, clade 1.1.2 reassortant, and clade 2.3.2.1c), and we conducted experiments to assess the virulence and transmissibility of these viruses in avian (chicken, duck) and mammalian (ferret) models. Our results suggest that the clade 2.3.2.1c virus is more “avian-like,” with high virulence in both ducks and chickens, but there is no evidence of aerosol transmission of the virus from ducks to ferrets. In contrast, the two clade 1 viruses were less virulent in experimentally infected and contact ducks. However, evidence of chicken-to-ferret aerosol transmission was observed for both clade 1 viruses. The transmission experiments provide insights into clade-level differences that might explain the variation in A/H5N1 infections of humans observed in Cambodia and other settings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-18b4226d5636404f90c06fbf9d12defd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-18b4226d5636404f90c06fbf9d12defd2025-08-20T02:16:11ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512020-01-01911702171110.1080/22221751.2020.1792353Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 virusesPaul F. Horwood0Thomas Fabrizio1Srey Viseth Horm2Artem Metlin3Sopheaktra Ros4Songha Tok5Trushar Jeevan6Patrick Seiler7Phalla Y8Sareth Rith9Annika Suttie10Philippe Buchy11Erik A. Karlsson12Richard Webby13Philippe Dussart14Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, CambodiaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USAVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, CambodiaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USADepartment of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USAVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, CambodiaVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, CambodiaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USAVirology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, CambodiaInfluenza A/H5N1 has circulated in Asia since 2003 and is now enzootic in many countries in that region. In Cambodia, the virus has circulated since 2004 and has intermittently infected humans. During this period, we have noted differences in the rate of infections in humans, potentially associated with the circulation of different viral clades. In particular, a reassortant clade 1.1.2 virus emerged in early 2013 and was associated with a dramatic increase in infections of humans (34 cases) until it was replaced by a clade 2.3.2.1c virus in early 2014. In contrast, only one infection of a human has been reported in the 6 years since the clade 2.3.2.1c virus became the dominant circulating virus. We selected three viruses to represent the main viral clades that have circulated in Cambodia (clade 1.1.2, clade 1.1.2 reassortant, and clade 2.3.2.1c), and we conducted experiments to assess the virulence and transmissibility of these viruses in avian (chicken, duck) and mammalian (ferret) models. Our results suggest that the clade 2.3.2.1c virus is more “avian-like,” with high virulence in both ducks and chickens, but there is no evidence of aerosol transmission of the virus from ducks to ferrets. In contrast, the two clade 1 viruses were less virulent in experimentally infected and contact ducks. However, evidence of chicken-to-ferret aerosol transmission was observed for both clade 1 viruses. The transmission experiments provide insights into clade-level differences that might explain the variation in A/H5N1 infections of humans observed in Cambodia and other settings.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2020.1792353InfluenzaH5N1aviantransmissionpoultryducks |
| spellingShingle | Paul F. Horwood Thomas Fabrizio Srey Viseth Horm Artem Metlin Sopheaktra Ros Songha Tok Trushar Jeevan Patrick Seiler Phalla Y Sareth Rith Annika Suttie Philippe Buchy Erik A. Karlsson Richard Webby Philippe Dussart Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 viruses Emerging Microbes and Infections Influenza H5N1 avian transmission poultry ducks |
| title | Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 viruses |
| title_full | Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 viruses |
| title_fullStr | Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 viruses |
| title_short | Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 viruses |
| title_sort | transmission experiments support clade level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of cambodian influenza a h5n1 viruses |
| topic | Influenza H5N1 avian transmission poultry ducks |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2020.1792353 |
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