The entomological impact of passive metofluthrin emanators against indoor Aedes aegypti: A randomized field trial.

<h4>Background</h4>In the absence of vaccines or drugs, insecticides are the mainstay of Aedes-borne disease control. Their utility is challenged by the slow deployment of resources, poor community compliance and inadequate household coverage. Novel application methods are required.<h...

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Main Authors: Gregor J Devine, Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec, Wilbert Bibiano-Marín, Norma Pavia-Ruz, Azael Che-Mendoza, Anuar Medina-Barreiro, Josue Villegas, Gabriela Gonzalez-Olvera, Mike W Dunbar, Oselyne Ong, Scott A Ritchie, Thomas S Churcher, Oscar D Kirstein, Pablo Manrique-Saide
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021-01-01
Series:PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0009036&type=printable
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author Gregor J Devine
Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec
Wilbert Bibiano-Marín
Norma Pavia-Ruz
Azael Che-Mendoza
Anuar Medina-Barreiro
Josue Villegas
Gabriela Gonzalez-Olvera
Mike W Dunbar
Oselyne Ong
Scott A Ritchie
Thomas S Churcher
Oscar D Kirstein
Pablo Manrique-Saide
author_facet Gregor J Devine
Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec
Wilbert Bibiano-Marín
Norma Pavia-Ruz
Azael Che-Mendoza
Anuar Medina-Barreiro
Josue Villegas
Gabriela Gonzalez-Olvera
Mike W Dunbar
Oselyne Ong
Scott A Ritchie
Thomas S Churcher
Oscar D Kirstein
Pablo Manrique-Saide
author_sort Gregor J Devine
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>In the absence of vaccines or drugs, insecticides are the mainstay of Aedes-borne disease control. Their utility is challenged by the slow deployment of resources, poor community compliance and inadequate household coverage. Novel application methods are required.<h4>Methodology and principal findings</h4>A 10% w/w metofluthrin "emanator" that passively disseminates insecticide from an impregnated net was evaluated in a randomized trial of 200 houses in Mexico. The devices were introduced at a rate of 1 per room and replaced at 3-week intervals. During each of 7 consecutive deployment cycles, indoor resting mosquitoes were sampled using aspirator collections. Assessments of mosquito landing behaviours were made in a subset of houses. Pre-treatment, there were no differences in Aedes aegypti indices between houses recruited to the control and treatment arms. Immediately after metofluthrin deployment, the entomological indices between the trial arms diverged. Averaged across the trial, there were significant reductions in Abundance Rate Ratios for total Ae. aegypti, female abundance and females that contained blood meals (2.5, 2.4 and 2.3-times fewer mosquitoes respectively; P<0.001). Average efficacy was 60.2% for total adults, 58.3% for females, and 57.2% for blood-fed females. The emanators also reduced mosquito landings by 90% from 12.5 to 1.2 per 10-minute sampling period (P<0.05). Homozygous forms of the pyrethroid resistant kdr alleles V410L, V1016L and F1534C were common in the target mosquito population; found in 39%, 24% and 95% of mosquitoes collected during the trial.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>This is the first randomized control trial to evaluate the entomological impact of any volatile pyrethroid on urban Ae. aegypti. It demonstrates that volatile pyrethroids can have a sustained impact on Ae. aegypti population densities and human-vector contact indoors. These effects occur despite the presence of pyrethroid-resistant alleles in the target population. Formulations like these may have considerable utility for public health vector control responses.
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publishDate 2021-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-18af80d4c10e40dc8fc627e9c8d03e0f2025-08-20T02:33:47ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352021-01-01151e000903610.1371/journal.pntd.0009036The entomological impact of passive metofluthrin emanators against indoor Aedes aegypti: A randomized field trial.Gregor J DevineGonzalo M Vazquez-ProkopecWilbert Bibiano-MarínNorma Pavia-RuzAzael Che-MendozaAnuar Medina-BarreiroJosue VillegasGabriela Gonzalez-OlveraMike W DunbarOselyne OngScott A RitchieThomas S ChurcherOscar D KirsteinPablo Manrique-Saide<h4>Background</h4>In the absence of vaccines or drugs, insecticides are the mainstay of Aedes-borne disease control. Their utility is challenged by the slow deployment of resources, poor community compliance and inadequate household coverage. Novel application methods are required.<h4>Methodology and principal findings</h4>A 10% w/w metofluthrin "emanator" that passively disseminates insecticide from an impregnated net was evaluated in a randomized trial of 200 houses in Mexico. The devices were introduced at a rate of 1 per room and replaced at 3-week intervals. During each of 7 consecutive deployment cycles, indoor resting mosquitoes were sampled using aspirator collections. Assessments of mosquito landing behaviours were made in a subset of houses. Pre-treatment, there were no differences in Aedes aegypti indices between houses recruited to the control and treatment arms. Immediately after metofluthrin deployment, the entomological indices between the trial arms diverged. Averaged across the trial, there were significant reductions in Abundance Rate Ratios for total Ae. aegypti, female abundance and females that contained blood meals (2.5, 2.4 and 2.3-times fewer mosquitoes respectively; P<0.001). Average efficacy was 60.2% for total adults, 58.3% for females, and 57.2% for blood-fed females. The emanators also reduced mosquito landings by 90% from 12.5 to 1.2 per 10-minute sampling period (P<0.05). Homozygous forms of the pyrethroid resistant kdr alleles V410L, V1016L and F1534C were common in the target mosquito population; found in 39%, 24% and 95% of mosquitoes collected during the trial.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>This is the first randomized control trial to evaluate the entomological impact of any volatile pyrethroid on urban Ae. aegypti. It demonstrates that volatile pyrethroids can have a sustained impact on Ae. aegypti population densities and human-vector contact indoors. These effects occur despite the presence of pyrethroid-resistant alleles in the target population. Formulations like these may have considerable utility for public health vector control responses.https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0009036&type=printable
spellingShingle Gregor J Devine
Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec
Wilbert Bibiano-Marín
Norma Pavia-Ruz
Azael Che-Mendoza
Anuar Medina-Barreiro
Josue Villegas
Gabriela Gonzalez-Olvera
Mike W Dunbar
Oselyne Ong
Scott A Ritchie
Thomas S Churcher
Oscar D Kirstein
Pablo Manrique-Saide
The entomological impact of passive metofluthrin emanators against indoor Aedes aegypti: A randomized field trial.
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
title The entomological impact of passive metofluthrin emanators against indoor Aedes aegypti: A randomized field trial.
title_full The entomological impact of passive metofluthrin emanators against indoor Aedes aegypti: A randomized field trial.
title_fullStr The entomological impact of passive metofluthrin emanators against indoor Aedes aegypti: A randomized field trial.
title_full_unstemmed The entomological impact of passive metofluthrin emanators against indoor Aedes aegypti: A randomized field trial.
title_short The entomological impact of passive metofluthrin emanators against indoor Aedes aegypti: A randomized field trial.
title_sort entomological impact of passive metofluthrin emanators against indoor aedes aegypti a randomized field trial
url https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0009036&type=printable
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