Endothelial glycocalyx during early reperfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

<h4>Background</h4>Experimental cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury causes degradation of the glycocalyx and coronary washout of its components syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate. Systemic elevation of syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate is well described in cardiac surgery. Still, the events dur...

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Main Authors: Arie Passov, Alexey Schramko, Ulla-Stina Salminen, Juha Aittomäki, Sture Andersson, Eero Pesonen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0251747&type=printable
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author Arie Passov
Alexey Schramko
Ulla-Stina Salminen
Juha Aittomäki
Sture Andersson
Eero Pesonen
author_facet Arie Passov
Alexey Schramko
Ulla-Stina Salminen
Juha Aittomäki
Sture Andersson
Eero Pesonen
author_sort Arie Passov
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>Experimental cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury causes degradation of the glycocalyx and coronary washout of its components syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate. Systemic elevation of syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate is well described in cardiac surgery. Still, the events during immediate reperfusion after aortic declamping are unknown both in the systemic and in the coronary circulation.<h4>Methods</h4>In thirty patients undergoing aortic valve replacement, arterial concentrations of syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate were measured immediately before and at one, five and ten minutes after aortic declamping (reperfusion). Parallel blood samples were drawn from the coronary sinus to calculate trans-coronary gradients (coronary sinus-artery).<h4>Results</h4>Compared with immediately before aortic declamping, arterial syndecan-1 increased by 18% [253.8 (151.6-372.0) ng/ml vs. 299.1 (172.0-713.7) ng/ml, p < 0.001] but arterial heparan sulfate decreased by 14% [148.1 (135.7-161.7) ng/ml vs. 128.0 (119.0-138.2) ng/ml, p < 0.001] at one minute after aortic declamping. There was no coronary washout of syndecan-1 or heparan sulfate during reperfusion. On the contrary, trans-coronary sequestration of syndecan-1 occurred at five [-12.96 ng/ml (-36.38-5.15), p = 0.007] and at ten minutes [-12.37 ng/ml (-31.80-6.62), p = 0.049] after reperfusion.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Aortic declamping resulted in extracardiac syndecan-1 release and extracardiac heparan sulfate sequestration. Syndecan-1 was sequestered in the coronary circulation during early reperfusion. Glycocalyx has been shown to degrade during cardiac surgery. Besides degradation, glycocalyx has propensity for regeneration. The present results of syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate sequestration may reflect endogenous restoration of the damaged glycocalyx in open heart surgery.
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spelling doaj-art-18a50d08e77d467eaad0942048228ec32025-08-20T02:01:00ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032021-01-01165e025174710.1371/journal.pone.0251747Endothelial glycocalyx during early reperfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Arie PassovAlexey SchramkoUlla-Stina SalminenJuha AittomäkiSture AnderssonEero Pesonen<h4>Background</h4>Experimental cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury causes degradation of the glycocalyx and coronary washout of its components syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate. Systemic elevation of syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate is well described in cardiac surgery. Still, the events during immediate reperfusion after aortic declamping are unknown both in the systemic and in the coronary circulation.<h4>Methods</h4>In thirty patients undergoing aortic valve replacement, arterial concentrations of syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate were measured immediately before and at one, five and ten minutes after aortic declamping (reperfusion). Parallel blood samples were drawn from the coronary sinus to calculate trans-coronary gradients (coronary sinus-artery).<h4>Results</h4>Compared with immediately before aortic declamping, arterial syndecan-1 increased by 18% [253.8 (151.6-372.0) ng/ml vs. 299.1 (172.0-713.7) ng/ml, p < 0.001] but arterial heparan sulfate decreased by 14% [148.1 (135.7-161.7) ng/ml vs. 128.0 (119.0-138.2) ng/ml, p < 0.001] at one minute after aortic declamping. There was no coronary washout of syndecan-1 or heparan sulfate during reperfusion. On the contrary, trans-coronary sequestration of syndecan-1 occurred at five [-12.96 ng/ml (-36.38-5.15), p = 0.007] and at ten minutes [-12.37 ng/ml (-31.80-6.62), p = 0.049] after reperfusion.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Aortic declamping resulted in extracardiac syndecan-1 release and extracardiac heparan sulfate sequestration. Syndecan-1 was sequestered in the coronary circulation during early reperfusion. Glycocalyx has been shown to degrade during cardiac surgery. Besides degradation, glycocalyx has propensity for regeneration. The present results of syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate sequestration may reflect endogenous restoration of the damaged glycocalyx in open heart surgery.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0251747&type=printable
spellingShingle Arie Passov
Alexey Schramko
Ulla-Stina Salminen
Juha Aittomäki
Sture Andersson
Eero Pesonen
Endothelial glycocalyx during early reperfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
PLoS ONE
title Endothelial glycocalyx during early reperfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
title_full Endothelial glycocalyx during early reperfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
title_fullStr Endothelial glycocalyx during early reperfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
title_full_unstemmed Endothelial glycocalyx during early reperfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
title_short Endothelial glycocalyx during early reperfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
title_sort endothelial glycocalyx during early reperfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0251747&type=printable
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