Global Variability of V3 Loop Tetrapeptide Motif: a Concern for HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies-based Vaccine Design and Antiretroviral Therapy

Introduction: HIV-1 gp120 V3 GPGR motif has an essential role in viral invasion, cell fusion, and pathogenesis but presents a significant variability that can implicate neutralizing antibodies and antiretroviral drug resistance. Methods: We performed a comprehensive analysis based on 259,288 HIV-...

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Main Authors: Luciano Rodrigo Lopes, Antonio Carlos da Silva Junior, Paulo Bandiera-Paiva, Jorge Casseb
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Pasteur Institute of Iran 2021-10-01
Series:Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
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author Luciano Rodrigo Lopes
Antonio Carlos da Silva Junior
Paulo Bandiera-Paiva
Jorge Casseb
author_facet Luciano Rodrigo Lopes
Antonio Carlos da Silva Junior
Paulo Bandiera-Paiva
Jorge Casseb
author_sort Luciano Rodrigo Lopes
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: HIV-1 gp120 V3 GPGR motif has an essential role in viral invasion, cell fusion, and pathogenesis but presents a significant variability that can implicate neutralizing antibodies and antiretroviral drug resistance. Methods: We performed a comprehensive analysis based on 259,288 HIV-1 gp120 amino acid sequences obtained from the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) HIV Sequence Database to infer the global distribution of V3 tetrapeptide motifs. We calculated the frequencies and presented the main variants according to continents and countries. Furthermore, the clinical importance of the most distributed V3 motifs was detailed. Results: Our results showed GPGR and GPGQ as the most commonly found V3 motifs among more than five hundred V3 variant motifs. Motifs with clinical implications are widely distributed around the world. Within the most frequent V3 tetrapeptide motifs set, some variants enable the escape from fusion inhibitor drugs and neutralizing antibodies. Conclusion: Considering that an effective vaccine candidate should elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies while fusion inhibitor drug interaction requires conserved amino acids, the diversity of V3 motifs implicates a great challenge in developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine.
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publisher Pasteur Institute of Iran
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spelling doaj-art-18a41129aab74cd1bf0c7668663d0efc2025-08-20T02:55:31ZengPasteur Institute of IranJournal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases2345-53492345-53302021-10-019310811510.52547/JoMMID.9.3.108Global Variability of V3 Loop Tetrapeptide Motif: a Concern for HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies-based Vaccine Design and Antiretroviral TherapyLuciano Rodrigo Lopes0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-2821Antonio Carlos da Silva Junior1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6316-8711Paulo Bandiera-Paiva2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9409-3970Jorge Casseb3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4553-2559Bioinformatics and Bio-Data Science Division, Health Informatics Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo– UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, BrazilBioinformatics and Bio-Data Science Division, Health Informatics Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo– UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, BrazilBioinformatics and Bio-Data Science Division, Health Informatics Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo– UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, BrazilInstitute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo - University of Sao Paulo, Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56 / Faculty of Medicine –USPIntroduction: HIV-1 gp120 V3 GPGR motif has an essential role in viral invasion, cell fusion, and pathogenesis but presents a significant variability that can implicate neutralizing antibodies and antiretroviral drug resistance. Methods: We performed a comprehensive analysis based on 259,288 HIV-1 gp120 amino acid sequences obtained from the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) HIV Sequence Database to infer the global distribution of V3 tetrapeptide motifs. We calculated the frequencies and presented the main variants according to continents and countries. Furthermore, the clinical importance of the most distributed V3 motifs was detailed. Results: Our results showed GPGR and GPGQ as the most commonly found V3 motifs among more than five hundred V3 variant motifs. Motifs with clinical implications are widely distributed around the world. Within the most frequent V3 tetrapeptide motifs set, some variants enable the escape from fusion inhibitor drugs and neutralizing antibodies. Conclusion: Considering that an effective vaccine candidate should elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies while fusion inhibitor drug interaction requires conserved amino acids, the diversity of V3 motifs implicates a great challenge in developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine.hiv-1gp120v3 loopgpgr motif
spellingShingle Luciano Rodrigo Lopes
Antonio Carlos da Silva Junior
Paulo Bandiera-Paiva
Jorge Casseb
Global Variability of V3 Loop Tetrapeptide Motif: a Concern for HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies-based Vaccine Design and Antiretroviral Therapy
Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
hiv-1
gp120
v3 loop
gpgr motif
title Global Variability of V3 Loop Tetrapeptide Motif: a Concern for HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies-based Vaccine Design and Antiretroviral Therapy
title_full Global Variability of V3 Loop Tetrapeptide Motif: a Concern for HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies-based Vaccine Design and Antiretroviral Therapy
title_fullStr Global Variability of V3 Loop Tetrapeptide Motif: a Concern for HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies-based Vaccine Design and Antiretroviral Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Global Variability of V3 Loop Tetrapeptide Motif: a Concern for HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies-based Vaccine Design and Antiretroviral Therapy
title_short Global Variability of V3 Loop Tetrapeptide Motif: a Concern for HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies-based Vaccine Design and Antiretroviral Therapy
title_sort global variability of v3 loop tetrapeptide motif a concern for hiv 1 neutralizing antibodies based vaccine design and antiretroviral therapy
topic hiv-1
gp120
v3 loop
gpgr motif
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