Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies.
<h4>Background</h4>Among various cancers, primary liver cancer is the seventh most diagnosed malignancy and is the second most prevalent contributor to cancer-causing deaths. During conventional treatment, the recurrence of disease, low drug inefficacy, and severe side effects are the ma...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321445 |
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| author | Awais Altaf Asia Kiran Muhammad Sarwar Tahir Maqbool Sumaira Sharif Hana'a Iqbal Saba Farooq Qurban Ali Shiming Han Ajaz Ahmad |
| author_facet | Awais Altaf Asia Kiran Muhammad Sarwar Tahir Maqbool Sumaira Sharif Hana'a Iqbal Saba Farooq Qurban Ali Shiming Han Ajaz Ahmad |
| author_sort | Awais Altaf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Among various cancers, primary liver cancer is the seventh most diagnosed malignancy and is the second most prevalent contributor to cancer-causing deaths. During conventional treatment, the recurrence of disease, low drug inefficacy, and severe side effects are the main limitations. Recently, natural anticancer medicines from the Middle East, Korea, China, Europe, North America, and India have attracted a lot of interest due to their low side effects and better remedial properties. The current study investigated the antioxidative and anticancer effects of ethanolic (BME) and n-hexane (BMH) extracts of B. monnieri (L.) Wettst.<h4>Methods</h4>In the current study, phytochemical profiling was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antioxidant potential was measured using DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide assays, while the cell viability and apoptotic effect were measured by MTT, crystal violet, and annexin V/PI protocols, respectively.<h4>Results</h4>Higher concentrations of total phenolic contents (274.92±3.52 mgGAE/g), total flavonoid contents (141.99±4.14 mgQE/g) and tannins (55.49±4.63 mgTAE/g) were observed in BME extract with strong antioxidant potential than BMH extract. Also, BME extract showed higher cytotoxicity with less IC50 value (24.70 μg/mL) and a lower percentage of cell viability, while the same extract exhibited 58.65% apoptosis against HepG2 cells in comparison to cisplatin and BMH extract. Furthermore, Spiro[(tricyclo[6.2.2.0(2,7)]dodeca-5,9-diene)-4,1'-cyclobutane]-11,2'-dione from BME extract showed the lead docking score of -8.8, -8.1 and -7.8 kcal/mol against TGF-βR1, TNF-α, and iNOS, respectively.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of B. monnieri has a significant potential for becoming a potent anticancer drug that effectively treats liver damage, including HCC. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-189a4b404f9c418a9d8fa3ba48412e2e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-189a4b404f9c418a9d8fa3ba48412e2e2025-08-20T02:27:58ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01204e032144510.1371/journal.pone.0321445Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies.Awais AltafAsia KiranMuhammad SarwarTahir MaqboolSumaira SharifHana'a IqbalSaba FarooqQurban AliShiming HanAjaz Ahmad<h4>Background</h4>Among various cancers, primary liver cancer is the seventh most diagnosed malignancy and is the second most prevalent contributor to cancer-causing deaths. During conventional treatment, the recurrence of disease, low drug inefficacy, and severe side effects are the main limitations. Recently, natural anticancer medicines from the Middle East, Korea, China, Europe, North America, and India have attracted a lot of interest due to their low side effects and better remedial properties. The current study investigated the antioxidative and anticancer effects of ethanolic (BME) and n-hexane (BMH) extracts of B. monnieri (L.) Wettst.<h4>Methods</h4>In the current study, phytochemical profiling was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antioxidant potential was measured using DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide assays, while the cell viability and apoptotic effect were measured by MTT, crystal violet, and annexin V/PI protocols, respectively.<h4>Results</h4>Higher concentrations of total phenolic contents (274.92±3.52 mgGAE/g), total flavonoid contents (141.99±4.14 mgQE/g) and tannins (55.49±4.63 mgTAE/g) were observed in BME extract with strong antioxidant potential than BMH extract. Also, BME extract showed higher cytotoxicity with less IC50 value (24.70 μg/mL) and a lower percentage of cell viability, while the same extract exhibited 58.65% apoptosis against HepG2 cells in comparison to cisplatin and BMH extract. Furthermore, Spiro[(tricyclo[6.2.2.0(2,7)]dodeca-5,9-diene)-4,1'-cyclobutane]-11,2'-dione from BME extract showed the lead docking score of -8.8, -8.1 and -7.8 kcal/mol against TGF-βR1, TNF-α, and iNOS, respectively.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of B. monnieri has a significant potential for becoming a potent anticancer drug that effectively treats liver damage, including HCC.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321445 |
| spellingShingle | Awais Altaf Asia Kiran Muhammad Sarwar Tahir Maqbool Sumaira Sharif Hana'a Iqbal Saba Farooq Qurban Ali Shiming Han Ajaz Ahmad Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies. PLoS ONE |
| title | Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies. |
| title_full | Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies. |
| title_fullStr | Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies. |
| title_short | Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies. |
| title_sort | therapeutic potential of bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in vitro and computational studies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321445 |
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