Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies.

<h4>Background</h4>Among various cancers, primary liver cancer is the seventh most diagnosed malignancy and is the second most prevalent contributor to cancer-causing deaths. During conventional treatment, the recurrence of disease, low drug inefficacy, and severe side effects are the ma...

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Main Authors: Awais Altaf, Asia Kiran, Muhammad Sarwar, Tahir Maqbool, Sumaira Sharif, Hana'a Iqbal, Saba Farooq, Qurban Ali, Shiming Han, Ajaz Ahmad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321445
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author Awais Altaf
Asia Kiran
Muhammad Sarwar
Tahir Maqbool
Sumaira Sharif
Hana'a Iqbal
Saba Farooq
Qurban Ali
Shiming Han
Ajaz Ahmad
author_facet Awais Altaf
Asia Kiran
Muhammad Sarwar
Tahir Maqbool
Sumaira Sharif
Hana'a Iqbal
Saba Farooq
Qurban Ali
Shiming Han
Ajaz Ahmad
author_sort Awais Altaf
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>Among various cancers, primary liver cancer is the seventh most diagnosed malignancy and is the second most prevalent contributor to cancer-causing deaths. During conventional treatment, the recurrence of disease, low drug inefficacy, and severe side effects are the main limitations. Recently, natural anticancer medicines from the Middle East, Korea, China, Europe, North America, and India have attracted a lot of interest due to their low side effects and better remedial properties. The current study investigated the antioxidative and anticancer effects of ethanolic (BME) and n-hexane (BMH) extracts of B. monnieri (L.) Wettst.<h4>Methods</h4>In the current study, phytochemical profiling was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antioxidant potential was measured using DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide assays, while the cell viability and apoptotic effect were measured by MTT, crystal violet, and annexin V/PI protocols, respectively.<h4>Results</h4>Higher concentrations of total phenolic contents (274.92±3.52 mgGAE/g), total flavonoid contents (141.99±4.14 mgQE/g) and tannins (55.49±4.63 mgTAE/g) were observed in BME extract with strong antioxidant potential than BMH extract. Also, BME extract showed higher cytotoxicity with less IC50 value (24.70 μg/mL) and a lower percentage of cell viability, while the same extract exhibited 58.65% apoptosis against HepG2 cells in comparison to cisplatin and BMH extract. Furthermore, Spiro[(tricyclo[6.2.2.0(2,7)]dodeca-5,9-diene)-4,1'-cyclobutane]-11,2'-dione from BME extract showed the lead docking score of -8.8, -8.1 and -7.8 kcal/mol against TGF-βR1, TNF-α, and iNOS, respectively.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of B. monnieri has a significant potential for becoming a potent anticancer drug that effectively treats liver damage, including HCC.
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spelling doaj-art-189a4b404f9c418a9d8fa3ba48412e2e2025-08-20T02:27:58ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01204e032144510.1371/journal.pone.0321445Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies.Awais AltafAsia KiranMuhammad SarwarTahir MaqboolSumaira SharifHana'a IqbalSaba FarooqQurban AliShiming HanAjaz Ahmad<h4>Background</h4>Among various cancers, primary liver cancer is the seventh most diagnosed malignancy and is the second most prevalent contributor to cancer-causing deaths. During conventional treatment, the recurrence of disease, low drug inefficacy, and severe side effects are the main limitations. Recently, natural anticancer medicines from the Middle East, Korea, China, Europe, North America, and India have attracted a lot of interest due to their low side effects and better remedial properties. The current study investigated the antioxidative and anticancer effects of ethanolic (BME) and n-hexane (BMH) extracts of B. monnieri (L.) Wettst.<h4>Methods</h4>In the current study, phytochemical profiling was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antioxidant potential was measured using DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide assays, while the cell viability and apoptotic effect were measured by MTT, crystal violet, and annexin V/PI protocols, respectively.<h4>Results</h4>Higher concentrations of total phenolic contents (274.92±3.52 mgGAE/g), total flavonoid contents (141.99±4.14 mgQE/g) and tannins (55.49±4.63 mgTAE/g) were observed in BME extract with strong antioxidant potential than BMH extract. Also, BME extract showed higher cytotoxicity with less IC50 value (24.70 μg/mL) and a lower percentage of cell viability, while the same extract exhibited 58.65% apoptosis against HepG2 cells in comparison to cisplatin and BMH extract. Furthermore, Spiro[(tricyclo[6.2.2.0(2,7)]dodeca-5,9-diene)-4,1'-cyclobutane]-11,2'-dione from BME extract showed the lead docking score of -8.8, -8.1 and -7.8 kcal/mol against TGF-βR1, TNF-α, and iNOS, respectively.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of B. monnieri has a significant potential for becoming a potent anticancer drug that effectively treats liver damage, including HCC.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321445
spellingShingle Awais Altaf
Asia Kiran
Muhammad Sarwar
Tahir Maqbool
Sumaira Sharif
Hana'a Iqbal
Saba Farooq
Qurban Ali
Shiming Han
Ajaz Ahmad
Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies.
PLoS ONE
title Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies.
title_full Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies.
title_fullStr Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies.
title_full_unstemmed Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies.
title_short Therapeutic potential of Bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in-vitro and computational studies.
title_sort therapeutic potential of bacopa monnieri extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma through in vitro and computational studies
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321445
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