AHP and Geospatial technology-based assessment of groundwater potential zones in Natham taluk, Tamil nadu, India

Abstract The world’s groundwater resources are under tremendous strain due to overuse and significant climatic changes. The need for potable water for industrial, agricultural, and domestic use is increasing worldwide, necessitating an assessment of aquifer productivity and groundwater potential. Th...

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Main Authors: Gurugnanam Balasubramaniyan, Dheiva Arul Ganesan, Bagyaraj Murugesan, Bairavi Swaminathan, Shankar Karuppannan, Karunanidhi Duraisamy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13829-z
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author Gurugnanam Balasubramaniyan
Dheiva Arul Ganesan
Bagyaraj Murugesan
Bairavi Swaminathan
Shankar Karuppannan
Karunanidhi Duraisamy
author_facet Gurugnanam Balasubramaniyan
Dheiva Arul Ganesan
Bagyaraj Murugesan
Bairavi Swaminathan
Shankar Karuppannan
Karunanidhi Duraisamy
author_sort Gurugnanam Balasubramaniyan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The world’s groundwater resources are under tremendous strain due to overuse and significant climatic changes. The need for potable water for industrial, agricultural, and domestic use is increasing worldwide, necessitating an assessment of aquifer productivity and groundwater potential. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in Natham Taluk, Dindigul district, a hard rock area, to promote sustainable development. The GWPZ was delineated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in conjunction with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which have become essential techniques for groundwater resource retrieval, monitoring, and conservation. A total of ten thematic maps of lithology, land use/land cover, lineament density, geomorphology, soil, slope, rainfall, drainage density, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), and curvature, all layers were integrated to define Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZs) by weighted overlay analysis using ArcGIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Five types of groundwater potential were found in the study region as a consequence of the classification: very good (7.61%), good (39.70%), moderate (17.70%), low (33.03%), and very low (1.95%). The groundwater potential map (GWPM) accuracy is evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) method; an AUC value of 0.830 indicates a reliable result. This spatial study provides a vital geospatial database for strategically planning and constructing groundwater recharge structures. In addition to supporting the long-term sustainable management of groundwater resources, the delineated zones offer practical insights for improving aquifer recharge. The study also identifies possible locations for artificial recharge, especially well-suited to areas with hard rock and semi-arid conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-188f0905c5c442b6a7e1eb2b58fec95c2025-08-20T04:02:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-13829-zAHP and Geospatial technology-based assessment of groundwater potential zones in Natham taluk, Tamil nadu, IndiaGurugnanam Balasubramaniyan0Dheiva Arul Ganesan1Bagyaraj Murugesan2Bairavi Swaminathan3Shankar Karuppannan4Karunanidhi Duraisamy5Centre for Applied Geology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University)Centre for Applied Geology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University)Centre for Applied Geology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University)Centre for Applied Geology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University)Department of Applied Geology, College of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology UniversityDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Mohan Babu UniversityAbstract The world’s groundwater resources are under tremendous strain due to overuse and significant climatic changes. The need for potable water for industrial, agricultural, and domestic use is increasing worldwide, necessitating an assessment of aquifer productivity and groundwater potential. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in Natham Taluk, Dindigul district, a hard rock area, to promote sustainable development. The GWPZ was delineated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in conjunction with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which have become essential techniques for groundwater resource retrieval, monitoring, and conservation. A total of ten thematic maps of lithology, land use/land cover, lineament density, geomorphology, soil, slope, rainfall, drainage density, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), and curvature, all layers were integrated to define Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZs) by weighted overlay analysis using ArcGIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Five types of groundwater potential were found in the study region as a consequence of the classification: very good (7.61%), good (39.70%), moderate (17.70%), low (33.03%), and very low (1.95%). The groundwater potential map (GWPM) accuracy is evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) method; an AUC value of 0.830 indicates a reliable result. This spatial study provides a vital geospatial database for strategically planning and constructing groundwater recharge structures. In addition to supporting the long-term sustainable management of groundwater resources, the delineated zones offer practical insights for improving aquifer recharge. The study also identifies possible locations for artificial recharge, especially well-suited to areas with hard rock and semi-arid conditions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13829-zAHPGISGWPZThematic mapsHard rock area
spellingShingle Gurugnanam Balasubramaniyan
Dheiva Arul Ganesan
Bagyaraj Murugesan
Bairavi Swaminathan
Shankar Karuppannan
Karunanidhi Duraisamy
AHP and Geospatial technology-based assessment of groundwater potential zones in Natham taluk, Tamil nadu, India
Scientific Reports
AHP
GIS
GWPZ
Thematic maps
Hard rock area
title AHP and Geospatial technology-based assessment of groundwater potential zones in Natham taluk, Tamil nadu, India
title_full AHP and Geospatial technology-based assessment of groundwater potential zones in Natham taluk, Tamil nadu, India
title_fullStr AHP and Geospatial technology-based assessment of groundwater potential zones in Natham taluk, Tamil nadu, India
title_full_unstemmed AHP and Geospatial technology-based assessment of groundwater potential zones in Natham taluk, Tamil nadu, India
title_short AHP and Geospatial technology-based assessment of groundwater potential zones in Natham taluk, Tamil nadu, India
title_sort ahp and geospatial technology based assessment of groundwater potential zones in natham taluk tamil nadu india
topic AHP
GIS
GWPZ
Thematic maps
Hard rock area
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13829-z
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