Alcalase immobilization onto chitosan/glutaraldehyde/tripolyphosphate beads obtained by inverse emulsion technique

Enzymes immobilization can efficiently solve limitations of their large-scale application, such as stability and reusability. In this study, Alcalase® 2.4L (protease from Bacillus licheniformis) was covalently immobilized onto chitosan beads obtained by inverse emulsion technique using 1.5% (m/v) of...

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Main Authors: Žuža-Praštalo Milena, Milašinović Nikola, Jonović Marko, Kalagasidis-Krušić Melina, Knežević-Jugović Zorica
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia 2025-01-01
Series:Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly
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Online Access:https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1451-9372/2025/1451-93722400037Z.pdf
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author Žuža-Praštalo Milena
Milašinović Nikola
Jonović Marko
Kalagasidis-Krušić Melina
Knežević-Jugović Zorica
author_facet Žuža-Praštalo Milena
Milašinović Nikola
Jonović Marko
Kalagasidis-Krušić Melina
Knežević-Jugović Zorica
author_sort Žuža-Praštalo Milena
collection DOAJ
description Enzymes immobilization can efficiently solve limitations of their large-scale application, such as stability and reusability. In this study, Alcalase® 2.4L (protease from Bacillus licheniformis) was covalently immobilized onto chitosan beads obtained by inverse emulsion technique using 1.5% (m/v) of chitosan and 0.67% (v/v) or 1.0% (v/v) of glutaraldehyde (CTPP (1.5/0.67) and CTPP (1.5/1.0)). Afterward, the beads were additionally crosslinked by immersion into 10 % (m/v) tripolyphosphate solution. The parameters studied were enzyme loading, enzyme coupling yield, bead diameter, SEM, biocatalyst activity, and FTIR. The beads had adequate enzyme loading and enzyme coupling yield (Pgmax was 117.1 mg/g dry CTPP 1.5/0.67 and 90.1 mg/g dry CTPP 1.5/1.0, and μmax was 96.7% for both carriers). CTPP (1.5/1.00) beads were smaller (diameter 635.2 ±25.2 mm wet/ 230.4±12.5 mm dry beads) and showed a higher specific activity of 20.1 ± 0.23 IU/mgprotein. The immobilized Alcalase® 2.4L was tested for hydrolyzing egg white and soy proteins. Alcalase® 2.4L, covalently attached to CTTP (1.5/1.0) chitosan beads, is a promising choice for industrial processes involving egg white protein hydrolysis, as the enzyme achieved a notable hydrolysis rate of 26.34 ± 0.879% after 195 minutes. Additionally, it remained effective through five successive applications under practical conditions (50°C, pH 8).
format Article
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institution OA Journals
issn 1451-9372
2217-7434
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Association of the Chemical Engineers of Serbia
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series Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly
spelling doaj-art-18837311c0b14ae8a34c98f804fcd28f2025-08-20T01:51:57ZengAssociation of the Chemical Engineers of SerbiaChemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly1451-93722217-74342025-01-0131429530410.2298/CICEQ240401037Z1451-93722400037ZAlcalase immobilization onto chitosan/glutaraldehyde/tripolyphosphate beads obtained by inverse emulsion techniqueŽuža-Praštalo Milena0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-753XMilašinović Nikola1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-4002Jonović Marko2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-6766Kalagasidis-Krušić Melina3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-1952Knežević-Jugović Zorica4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3009-1698Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Forensic Sciences and Engineering, University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Organic Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaEnzymes immobilization can efficiently solve limitations of their large-scale application, such as stability and reusability. In this study, Alcalase® 2.4L (protease from Bacillus licheniformis) was covalently immobilized onto chitosan beads obtained by inverse emulsion technique using 1.5% (m/v) of chitosan and 0.67% (v/v) or 1.0% (v/v) of glutaraldehyde (CTPP (1.5/0.67) and CTPP (1.5/1.0)). Afterward, the beads were additionally crosslinked by immersion into 10 % (m/v) tripolyphosphate solution. The parameters studied were enzyme loading, enzyme coupling yield, bead diameter, SEM, biocatalyst activity, and FTIR. The beads had adequate enzyme loading and enzyme coupling yield (Pgmax was 117.1 mg/g dry CTPP 1.5/0.67 and 90.1 mg/g dry CTPP 1.5/1.0, and μmax was 96.7% for both carriers). CTPP (1.5/1.00) beads were smaller (diameter 635.2 ±25.2 mm wet/ 230.4±12.5 mm dry beads) and showed a higher specific activity of 20.1 ± 0.23 IU/mgprotein. The immobilized Alcalase® 2.4L was tested for hydrolyzing egg white and soy proteins. Alcalase® 2.4L, covalently attached to CTTP (1.5/1.0) chitosan beads, is a promising choice for industrial processes involving egg white protein hydrolysis, as the enzyme achieved a notable hydrolysis rate of 26.34 ± 0.879% after 195 minutes. Additionally, it remained effective through five successive applications under practical conditions (50°C, pH 8).https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1451-9372/2025/1451-93722400037Z.pdfalcalase® 2.4lcovalent immobilizationinverse emulsion techniquechitosan beadstripolyphosphate
spellingShingle Žuža-Praštalo Milena
Milašinović Nikola
Jonović Marko
Kalagasidis-Krušić Melina
Knežević-Jugović Zorica
Alcalase immobilization onto chitosan/glutaraldehyde/tripolyphosphate beads obtained by inverse emulsion technique
Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly
alcalase® 2.4l
covalent immobilization
inverse emulsion technique
chitosan beads
tripolyphosphate
title Alcalase immobilization onto chitosan/glutaraldehyde/tripolyphosphate beads obtained by inverse emulsion technique
title_full Alcalase immobilization onto chitosan/glutaraldehyde/tripolyphosphate beads obtained by inverse emulsion technique
title_fullStr Alcalase immobilization onto chitosan/glutaraldehyde/tripolyphosphate beads obtained by inverse emulsion technique
title_full_unstemmed Alcalase immobilization onto chitosan/glutaraldehyde/tripolyphosphate beads obtained by inverse emulsion technique
title_short Alcalase immobilization onto chitosan/glutaraldehyde/tripolyphosphate beads obtained by inverse emulsion technique
title_sort alcalase immobilization onto chitosan glutaraldehyde tripolyphosphate beads obtained by inverse emulsion technique
topic alcalase® 2.4l
covalent immobilization
inverse emulsion technique
chitosan beads
tripolyphosphate
url https://doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1451-9372/2025/1451-93722400037Z.pdf
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AT jonovicmarko alcalaseimmobilizationontochitosanglutaraldehydetripolyphosphatebeadsobtainedbyinverseemulsiontechnique
AT kalagasidiskrusicmelina alcalaseimmobilizationontochitosanglutaraldehydetripolyphosphatebeadsobtainedbyinverseemulsiontechnique
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