Detection of Thermal Emission at Millimeter Wavelengths from Low-Earth Orbit Satellites

The detection of satellite thermal emission at millimeter wavelengths is presented using data from the 3rd-Generation receiver on the South Pole Telescope (SPT-3G). This represents the first reported detection of thermal emission from artificial satellites at millimeter wavelengths. Satellite therma...

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Main Authors: Allen Foster, A. Chokshi, A. J. Anderson, B. Ansarinejad, M. Archipley, L. Balkenhol, K. Benabed, A. N. Bender, D. R. Barron, B. A. Benson, F. Bianchini, L. E. Bleem, F. R. Bouchet, L. Bryant, E. Camphuis, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, P. Chaubal, P. M. Chichura, T. -L. Chou, A. Coerver, T. M. Crawford, C. Daley, T. de Haan, K. R. Dibert, M. A. Dobbs, A. Doussot, D. Dutcher, W. Everett, C. Feng, K. R. Ferguson, K. Fichman, S. Galli, A. E. Gambrel, R. W. Gardner, F. Ge, N. Goeckner-Wald, R. Gualtieri, F. Guidi, S. Guns, N. W. Halverson, E. Hivon, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. C. Hood, A. Hryciuk, N. Huang, F. Kéruzoré, A. R. Khalife, L. Knox, K. Kornoelje, M. Korman, C. -L. Kuo, K. Levy, A. E. Lowitz, C. Lu, A. Maniyar, E. S. Martsen, F. Menanteau, M. Millea, J. Montgomery, Y. Nakato, T. Natoli, G. I. Noble, Y. Omori, Z. Pan, P. Paschos, K. A. Phadke, A. W. Pollak, K. Prabhu, W. Quan, M. Rahimi, A. Rahlin, C. L. Reichardt, M. Rouble, J. E. Ruhl, E. Schiappucci, J. A. Sobrin, A. A. Stark, J. Stephen, C. Tandoi, B. Thorne, C. Trendafilova, C. Umilta, J. D. Vieira, A. Vitrier, Y. Wan, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, M. R. Young, J. A. Zebrowski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Maynooth Academic Publishing 2025-05-01
Series:The Open Journal of Astrophysics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.137526
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author Allen Foster
A. Chokshi
A. J. Anderson
B. Ansarinejad
M. Archipley
L. Balkenhol
K. Benabed
A. N. Bender
D. R. Barron
B. A. Benson
F. Bianchini
L. E. Bleem
F. R. Bouchet
L. Bryant
E. Camphuis
J. E. Carlstrom
C. L. Chang
P. Chaubal
P. M. Chichura
T. -L. Chou
A. Coerver
T. M. Crawford
C. Daley
T. de Haan
K. R. Dibert
M. A. Dobbs
A. Doussot
D. Dutcher
W. Everett
C. Feng
K. R. Ferguson
K. Fichman
S. Galli
A. E. Gambrel
R. W. Gardner
F. Ge
N. Goeckner-Wald
R. Gualtieri
F. Guidi
S. Guns
N. W. Halverson
E. Hivon
G. P. Holder
W. L. Holzapfel
J. C. Hood
A. Hryciuk
N. Huang
F. Kéruzoré
A. R. Khalife
L. Knox
K. Kornoelje
M. Korman
C. -L. Kuo
K. Levy
A. E. Lowitz
C. Lu
A. Maniyar
E. S. Martsen
F. Menanteau
M. Millea
J. Montgomery
Y. Nakato
T. Natoli
G. I. Noble
Y. Omori
Z. Pan
P. Paschos
K. A. Phadke
A. W. Pollak
K. Prabhu
W. Quan
M. Rahimi
A. Rahlin
C. L. Reichardt
M. Rouble
J. E. Ruhl
E. Schiappucci
J. A. Sobrin
A. A. Stark
J. Stephen
C. Tandoi
B. Thorne
C. Trendafilova
C. Umilta
J. D. Vieira
A. Vitrier
Y. Wan
N. Whitehorn
W. L. K. Wu
M. R. Young
J. A. Zebrowski
author_facet Allen Foster
A. Chokshi
A. J. Anderson
B. Ansarinejad
M. Archipley
L. Balkenhol
K. Benabed
A. N. Bender
D. R. Barron
B. A. Benson
F. Bianchini
L. E. Bleem
F. R. Bouchet
L. Bryant
E. Camphuis
J. E. Carlstrom
C. L. Chang
P. Chaubal
P. M. Chichura
T. -L. Chou
A. Coerver
T. M. Crawford
C. Daley
T. de Haan
K. R. Dibert
M. A. Dobbs
A. Doussot
D. Dutcher
W. Everett
C. Feng
K. R. Ferguson
K. Fichman
S. Galli
A. E. Gambrel
R. W. Gardner
F. Ge
N. Goeckner-Wald
R. Gualtieri
F. Guidi
S. Guns
N. W. Halverson
E. Hivon
G. P. Holder
W. L. Holzapfel
J. C. Hood
A. Hryciuk
N. Huang
F. Kéruzoré
A. R. Khalife
L. Knox
K. Kornoelje
M. Korman
C. -L. Kuo
K. Levy
A. E. Lowitz
C. Lu
A. Maniyar
E. S. Martsen
F. Menanteau
M. Millea
J. Montgomery
Y. Nakato
T. Natoli
G. I. Noble
Y. Omori
Z. Pan
P. Paschos
K. A. Phadke
A. W. Pollak
K. Prabhu
W. Quan
M. Rahimi
A. Rahlin
C. L. Reichardt
M. Rouble
J. E. Ruhl
E. Schiappucci
J. A. Sobrin
A. A. Stark
J. Stephen
C. Tandoi
B. Thorne
C. Trendafilova
C. Umilta
J. D. Vieira
A. Vitrier
Y. Wan
N. Whitehorn
W. L. K. Wu
M. R. Young
J. A. Zebrowski
author_sort Allen Foster
collection DOAJ
description The detection of satellite thermal emission at millimeter wavelengths is presented using data from the 3rd-Generation receiver on the South Pole Telescope (SPT-3G). This represents the first reported detection of thermal emission from artificial satellites at millimeter wavelengths. Satellite thermal emission is shown to be detectable at high signal-to-noise on timescales as short as a few tens of milliseconds. An algorithm for downloading orbital information and tracking known satellites given observer constraints and time-ordered observatory pointing is described. Consequences for cosmological surveys and short-duration transient searches are discussed, revealing that the integrated thermal emission from all large satellites does not contribute significantly to the SPT-3G survey intensity map. Measured satellite positions are found to be discrepant from their two-line element (TLE) derived ephemerides up to several arcminutes which may present a difficulty in cross-checking or masking satellites from short-duration transient searches.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Maynooth Academic Publishing
record_format Article
series The Open Journal of Astrophysics
spelling doaj-art-18540c70c9fb40d1b822e2cf91a64ea82025-08-20T02:36:12ZengMaynooth Academic PublishingThe Open Journal of Astrophysics2565-61202025-05-01810.33232/001c.137526Detection of Thermal Emission at Millimeter Wavelengths from Low-Earth Orbit SatellitesAllen FosterA. ChokshiA. J. AndersonB. AnsarinejadM. ArchipleyL. BalkenholK. BenabedA. N. BenderD. R. BarronB. A. BensonF. BianchiniL. E. BleemF. R. BouchetL. BryantE. CamphuisJ. E. CarlstromC. L. ChangP. ChaubalP. M. ChichuraT. -L. ChouA. CoerverT. M. CrawfordC. DaleyT. de HaanK. R. DibertM. A. DobbsA. DoussotD. DutcherW. EverettC. FengK. R. FergusonK. FichmanS. GalliA. E. GambrelR. W. GardnerF. GeN. Goeckner-WaldR. GualtieriF. GuidiS. GunsN. W. HalversonE. HivonG. P. HolderW. L. HolzapfelJ. C. HoodA. HryciukN. HuangF. KéruzoréA. R. KhalifeL. KnoxK. KornoeljeM. KormanC. -L. KuoK. LevyA. E. LowitzC. LuA. ManiyarE. S. MartsenF. MenanteauM. MilleaJ. MontgomeryY. NakatoT. NatoliG. I. NobleY. OmoriZ. PanP. PaschosK. A. PhadkeA. W. PollakK. PrabhuW. QuanM. RahimiA. RahlinC. L. ReichardtM. RoubleJ. E. RuhlE. SchiappucciJ. A. SobrinA. A. StarkJ. StephenC. TandoiB. ThorneC. TrendafilovaC. UmiltaJ. D. VieiraA. VitrierY. WanN. WhitehornW. L. K. WuM. R. YoungJ. A. ZebrowskiThe detection of satellite thermal emission at millimeter wavelengths is presented using data from the 3rd-Generation receiver on the South Pole Telescope (SPT-3G). This represents the first reported detection of thermal emission from artificial satellites at millimeter wavelengths. Satellite thermal emission is shown to be detectable at high signal-to-noise on timescales as short as a few tens of milliseconds. An algorithm for downloading orbital information and tracking known satellites given observer constraints and time-ordered observatory pointing is described. Consequences for cosmological surveys and short-duration transient searches are discussed, revealing that the integrated thermal emission from all large satellites does not contribute significantly to the SPT-3G survey intensity map. Measured satellite positions are found to be discrepant from their two-line element (TLE) derived ephemerides up to several arcminutes which may present a difficulty in cross-checking or masking satellites from short-duration transient searches.https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.137526
spellingShingle Allen Foster
A. Chokshi
A. J. Anderson
B. Ansarinejad
M. Archipley
L. Balkenhol
K. Benabed
A. N. Bender
D. R. Barron
B. A. Benson
F. Bianchini
L. E. Bleem
F. R. Bouchet
L. Bryant
E. Camphuis
J. E. Carlstrom
C. L. Chang
P. Chaubal
P. M. Chichura
T. -L. Chou
A. Coerver
T. M. Crawford
C. Daley
T. de Haan
K. R. Dibert
M. A. Dobbs
A. Doussot
D. Dutcher
W. Everett
C. Feng
K. R. Ferguson
K. Fichman
S. Galli
A. E. Gambrel
R. W. Gardner
F. Ge
N. Goeckner-Wald
R. Gualtieri
F. Guidi
S. Guns
N. W. Halverson
E. Hivon
G. P. Holder
W. L. Holzapfel
J. C. Hood
A. Hryciuk
N. Huang
F. Kéruzoré
A. R. Khalife
L. Knox
K. Kornoelje
M. Korman
C. -L. Kuo
K. Levy
A. E. Lowitz
C. Lu
A. Maniyar
E. S. Martsen
F. Menanteau
M. Millea
J. Montgomery
Y. Nakato
T. Natoli
G. I. Noble
Y. Omori
Z. Pan
P. Paschos
K. A. Phadke
A. W. Pollak
K. Prabhu
W. Quan
M. Rahimi
A. Rahlin
C. L. Reichardt
M. Rouble
J. E. Ruhl
E. Schiappucci
J. A. Sobrin
A. A. Stark
J. Stephen
C. Tandoi
B. Thorne
C. Trendafilova
C. Umilta
J. D. Vieira
A. Vitrier
Y. Wan
N. Whitehorn
W. L. K. Wu
M. R. Young
J. A. Zebrowski
Detection of Thermal Emission at Millimeter Wavelengths from Low-Earth Orbit Satellites
The Open Journal of Astrophysics
title Detection of Thermal Emission at Millimeter Wavelengths from Low-Earth Orbit Satellites
title_full Detection of Thermal Emission at Millimeter Wavelengths from Low-Earth Orbit Satellites
title_fullStr Detection of Thermal Emission at Millimeter Wavelengths from Low-Earth Orbit Satellites
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Thermal Emission at Millimeter Wavelengths from Low-Earth Orbit Satellites
title_short Detection of Thermal Emission at Millimeter Wavelengths from Low-Earth Orbit Satellites
title_sort detection of thermal emission at millimeter wavelengths from low earth orbit satellites
url https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.137526
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