Roles of anisotropy and mutual transformation of the phases β/γ in multiphase-field simulation of IMCs in friction stir welding of Al/Mg alloys
In multiphase-field modeling the formation and growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during the friction stir welding (FSW) process of Al/Mg dissimilar materials, the effects of anisotropy and the mutual transformation of IMCs like phase β (Al3Mg2) and phase γ (Al12Mg17) have been considered. It...
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Elsevier
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424022099 |
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| author | Fengyuan Zhao Lei Shi Jinqiang Gao ChuanSong Wu |
| author_facet | Fengyuan Zhao Lei Shi Jinqiang Gao ChuanSong Wu |
| author_sort | Fengyuan Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In multiphase-field modeling the formation and growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during the friction stir welding (FSW) process of Al/Mg dissimilar materials, the effects of anisotropy and the mutual transformation of IMCs like phase β (Al3Mg2) and phase γ (Al12Mg17) have been considered. It indicates that Al3Mg2 grains exhibit growth not only within the Al matrix but also within Al12Mg17, leading to an increase in the thickness of Al3Mg2 and a reduction in the thickness of Al12Mg17. By taking into account the mutual transformation of IMCs, the model can accurately predict the thickness of IMCs at both the bottom and middle positions of the weld with a high level of accuracy. Upon taking the anisotropic growth of IMCs into consideration, the morphology of IMC grains underwent a transformation from fan-shaped columnar crystals to square-shaped crystals. Experimental validation reveals that when accounting for the mutual transformation and anisotropic growth of IMCs, the predicted results of the model match more closely with the experimental ones. Upon evaluating the factors that contribute to the growth of IMCs, it has been found that both chemical energy and elastic energy are the driving forces for the transformation of Al3Mg2 into Al12Mg17. The three-dimensional model demonstrates that the two IMCs phases (Al3Mg2 into Al12Mg17) initially form sheet-like structures after nucleation. Subsequently, their growth primarily occurs in the direction of thickness after growing into layers in the transverse plane. The final grain structure consists of polygonal prismatic grains. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-18505dbd0143413f91c55de6cd9f569c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-18505dbd0143413f91c55de6cd9f569c2025-08-20T02:35:30ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-11-01332057207010.1016/j.jmrt.2024.09.204Roles of anisotropy and mutual transformation of the phases β/γ in multiphase-field simulation of IMCs in friction stir welding of Al/Mg alloysFengyuan Zhao0Lei Shi1Jinqiang Gao2ChuanSong Wu3MOE Key Lab for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution and Materials Processing, Institute of Materials Joining, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, ChinaMOE Key Lab for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution and Materials Processing, Institute of Materials Joining, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, ChinaMOE Key Lab for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution and Materials Processing, Institute of Materials Joining, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, ChinaCorresponding author.; MOE Key Lab for Liquid-Solid Structure Evolution and Materials Processing, Institute of Materials Joining, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, ChinaIn multiphase-field modeling the formation and growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during the friction stir welding (FSW) process of Al/Mg dissimilar materials, the effects of anisotropy and the mutual transformation of IMCs like phase β (Al3Mg2) and phase γ (Al12Mg17) have been considered. It indicates that Al3Mg2 grains exhibit growth not only within the Al matrix but also within Al12Mg17, leading to an increase in the thickness of Al3Mg2 and a reduction in the thickness of Al12Mg17. By taking into account the mutual transformation of IMCs, the model can accurately predict the thickness of IMCs at both the bottom and middle positions of the weld with a high level of accuracy. Upon taking the anisotropic growth of IMCs into consideration, the morphology of IMC grains underwent a transformation from fan-shaped columnar crystals to square-shaped crystals. Experimental validation reveals that when accounting for the mutual transformation and anisotropic growth of IMCs, the predicted results of the model match more closely with the experimental ones. Upon evaluating the factors that contribute to the growth of IMCs, it has been found that both chemical energy and elastic energy are the driving forces for the transformation of Al3Mg2 into Al12Mg17. The three-dimensional model demonstrates that the two IMCs phases (Al3Mg2 into Al12Mg17) initially form sheet-like structures after nucleation. Subsequently, their growth primarily occurs in the direction of thickness after growing into layers in the transverse plane. The final grain structure consists of polygonal prismatic grains.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424022099Intermetallic compounds (IMCs)Friction stir welding (FSW)AnisotropyMutual transformation of IMCsMultiphase-field method |
| spellingShingle | Fengyuan Zhao Lei Shi Jinqiang Gao ChuanSong Wu Roles of anisotropy and mutual transformation of the phases β/γ in multiphase-field simulation of IMCs in friction stir welding of Al/Mg alloys Journal of Materials Research and Technology Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) Friction stir welding (FSW) Anisotropy Mutual transformation of IMCs Multiphase-field method |
| title | Roles of anisotropy and mutual transformation of the phases β/γ in multiphase-field simulation of IMCs in friction stir welding of Al/Mg alloys |
| title_full | Roles of anisotropy and mutual transformation of the phases β/γ in multiphase-field simulation of IMCs in friction stir welding of Al/Mg alloys |
| title_fullStr | Roles of anisotropy and mutual transformation of the phases β/γ in multiphase-field simulation of IMCs in friction stir welding of Al/Mg alloys |
| title_full_unstemmed | Roles of anisotropy and mutual transformation of the phases β/γ in multiphase-field simulation of IMCs in friction stir welding of Al/Mg alloys |
| title_short | Roles of anisotropy and mutual transformation of the phases β/γ in multiphase-field simulation of IMCs in friction stir welding of Al/Mg alloys |
| title_sort | roles of anisotropy and mutual transformation of the phases β γ in multiphase field simulation of imcs in friction stir welding of al mg alloys |
| topic | Intermetallic compounds (IMCs) Friction stir welding (FSW) Anisotropy Mutual transformation of IMCs Multiphase-field method |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424022099 |
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