Digital screen exposure and emotional symptoms in preschool children: mediation by parent–child relationship and moderation by peer relationships

IntroductionWith the rapid development of information technology, emerging electronic media are widely used in various settings where children are present. At the same time, excessive screen exposure has been associated with various emotional symptoms in preschool children.MethodsThis study employed...

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Main Authors: Yongqi Xu, Lei Qiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1584919/full
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author Yongqi Xu
Lei Qiao
author_facet Yongqi Xu
Lei Qiao
author_sort Yongqi Xu
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionWith the rapid development of information technology, emerging electronic media are widely used in various settings where children are present. At the same time, excessive screen exposure has been associated with various emotional symptoms in preschool children.MethodsThis study employed a questionnaire survey to collect data from 7,239 parents of preschool children in Pu’er City, China. After rigorous data screening, 6,623 valid responses were retained for analysis. The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS 25.0 for descriptive and inferential statistics, and Hayes’ PROCESS 4.0 was used to test the mediation and moderation models involving digital screen exposure, the parent-child relationship, peer relationships, and emotional symptoms in preschool children.ResultsThe results indicated that digital screen exposure was significantly associated with emotional symptoms (β = 0.2351, p < 0.01). Specifically, higher levels of screen exposure were associated with more severe emotional symptoms, and this association was mediated by the parent-child relationship (indirect effect = 0.06, 95% CI [0.03, 0.08]). Peer relationships moderated the association between digital screen exposure and emotional symptoms (interaction effect = −0.22, p < 0.01) and between digital screen exposure and the parent-child relationship (interaction effect = −0.12, p < 0.01).DiscussionThis study provides a comprehensive theoretical framework to understand the associations among digital screen exposure, emotional symptoms, and social relationships in preschool children. It highlights the potential importance of the parent-child relationship and peer relationships in buffering negative associations related to digiatl screen exposure.
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spelling doaj-art-1841fc9270234d679883f1dbb9dadc132025-08-20T02:28:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-05-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15849191584919Digital screen exposure and emotional symptoms in preschool children: mediation by parent–child relationship and moderation by peer relationshipsYongqi Xu0Lei Qiao1School of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, ChinaAcademic Affairs Office, Pu’er University, Pu’er, Yunnan, ChinaIntroductionWith the rapid development of information technology, emerging electronic media are widely used in various settings where children are present. At the same time, excessive screen exposure has been associated with various emotional symptoms in preschool children.MethodsThis study employed a questionnaire survey to collect data from 7,239 parents of preschool children in Pu’er City, China. After rigorous data screening, 6,623 valid responses were retained for analysis. The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS 25.0 for descriptive and inferential statistics, and Hayes’ PROCESS 4.0 was used to test the mediation and moderation models involving digital screen exposure, the parent-child relationship, peer relationships, and emotional symptoms in preschool children.ResultsThe results indicated that digital screen exposure was significantly associated with emotional symptoms (β = 0.2351, p < 0.01). Specifically, higher levels of screen exposure were associated with more severe emotional symptoms, and this association was mediated by the parent-child relationship (indirect effect = 0.06, 95% CI [0.03, 0.08]). Peer relationships moderated the association between digital screen exposure and emotional symptoms (interaction effect = −0.22, p < 0.01) and between digital screen exposure and the parent-child relationship (interaction effect = −0.12, p < 0.01).DiscussionThis study provides a comprehensive theoretical framework to understand the associations among digital screen exposure, emotional symptoms, and social relationships in preschool children. It highlights the potential importance of the parent-child relationship and peer relationships in buffering negative associations related to digiatl screen exposure.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1584919/fulldigital screen exposureemotional symptomsparent–child relationshippeer relationshipspreschool children
spellingShingle Yongqi Xu
Lei Qiao
Digital screen exposure and emotional symptoms in preschool children: mediation by parent–child relationship and moderation by peer relationships
Frontiers in Psychology
digital screen exposure
emotional symptoms
parent–child relationship
peer relationships
preschool children
title Digital screen exposure and emotional symptoms in preschool children: mediation by parent–child relationship and moderation by peer relationships
title_full Digital screen exposure and emotional symptoms in preschool children: mediation by parent–child relationship and moderation by peer relationships
title_fullStr Digital screen exposure and emotional symptoms in preschool children: mediation by parent–child relationship and moderation by peer relationships
title_full_unstemmed Digital screen exposure and emotional symptoms in preschool children: mediation by parent–child relationship and moderation by peer relationships
title_short Digital screen exposure and emotional symptoms in preschool children: mediation by parent–child relationship and moderation by peer relationships
title_sort digital screen exposure and emotional symptoms in preschool children mediation by parent child relationship and moderation by peer relationships
topic digital screen exposure
emotional symptoms
parent–child relationship
peer relationships
preschool children
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1584919/full
work_keys_str_mv AT yongqixu digitalscreenexposureandemotionalsymptomsinpreschoolchildrenmediationbyparentchildrelationshipandmoderationbypeerrelationships
AT leiqiao digitalscreenexposureandemotionalsymptomsinpreschoolchildrenmediationbyparentchildrelationshipandmoderationbypeerrelationships