Lymphangiomatosis with pulmonary, mediastinal, and spinal involvement in a pediatric patient: a case report

Abstract Background Lymphangiomatosis is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation and dilation of lymphatic vessels, resulting in non-specific clinical manifestations. This report describes the case of an 8-year-old male patient with lymphangiomatosis involving the lungs, mediastinum,...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yuxing Sun, Jun Zhou, Xiaoqin Hu, Ming Li, Li Tan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Pediatrics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05884-2
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849334505983180800
author Yuxing Sun
Jun Zhou
Xiaoqin Hu
Ming Li
Li Tan
author_facet Yuxing Sun
Jun Zhou
Xiaoqin Hu
Ming Li
Li Tan
author_sort Yuxing Sun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Lymphangiomatosis is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation and dilation of lymphatic vessels, resulting in non-specific clinical manifestations. This report describes the case of an 8-year-old male patient with lymphangiomatosis involving the lungs, mediastinum, and spine, with the objective of promoting awareness and understanding of this condition. Case presentation An 8-year-old male patient presented with chest tightness. Two years ago, the patient underwent decortication of the pleural fibrous plate due to empyema. Within two months after the operation, the patient successively developed chylothorax and chylopericardium. Chest CT revealed thickening of the interlobular septa and peribronchovascular interstitial tissue in both lungs. Spinal MRI showed scoliosis in the cervicothoracic region, flattening of several vertebral bodies, and multiple osteolytic lesions. Pathological examination of mucosal tissue obtained from the basal segment of the left lower lobe of the lung via bronchoscopy confirmed a diagnosis of lymphangiomatosis. The patient’s condition improved significantly after three weeks of treatment with sirolimus and bevacizumab, with marked alleviation of the chest tightness symptoms during the 23-month follow-up period. Conclusion Lymphangiomatosis is associated with indolent progression and non-specific clinical/radiological features, frequently manifesting as multiorgan involvement. Diagnostic suspicion should arise when chylous effusions coexist with osteolytic lesions, although histopathological verification remains the gold standard. Although there is no current consensus on therapeutic strategies, emerging pharmacological interventions including the use of sirolimus, bevacizumab, propranolol, interferon-α, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which demonstrate variable efficacy. This case underscores the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in the management of complex lymphatic malformations and indicates the potential of targeted therapies in pediatric patients.
format Article
id doaj-art-183a0535d3f24c4fac6a55b5fdc82549
institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2431
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Pediatrics
spelling doaj-art-183a0535d3f24c4fac6a55b5fdc825492025-08-20T03:45:32ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312025-07-012511610.1186/s12887-025-05884-2Lymphangiomatosis with pulmonary, mediastinal, and spinal involvement in a pediatric patient: a case reportYuxing Sun0Jun Zhou1Xiaoqin Hu2Ming Li3Li Tan4Department of respiration, Kunming Children’s HospitalDepartment of pathology, Kunming Children’s HospitalDepartment of respiration, Kunming Children’s HospitalDepartment of respiration, Kunming Children’s HospitalDepartment of respiration, Kunming Children’s HospitalAbstract Background Lymphangiomatosis is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation and dilation of lymphatic vessels, resulting in non-specific clinical manifestations. This report describes the case of an 8-year-old male patient with lymphangiomatosis involving the lungs, mediastinum, and spine, with the objective of promoting awareness and understanding of this condition. Case presentation An 8-year-old male patient presented with chest tightness. Two years ago, the patient underwent decortication of the pleural fibrous plate due to empyema. Within two months after the operation, the patient successively developed chylothorax and chylopericardium. Chest CT revealed thickening of the interlobular septa and peribronchovascular interstitial tissue in both lungs. Spinal MRI showed scoliosis in the cervicothoracic region, flattening of several vertebral bodies, and multiple osteolytic lesions. Pathological examination of mucosal tissue obtained from the basal segment of the left lower lobe of the lung via bronchoscopy confirmed a diagnosis of lymphangiomatosis. The patient’s condition improved significantly after three weeks of treatment with sirolimus and bevacizumab, with marked alleviation of the chest tightness symptoms during the 23-month follow-up period. Conclusion Lymphangiomatosis is associated with indolent progression and non-specific clinical/radiological features, frequently manifesting as multiorgan involvement. Diagnostic suspicion should arise when chylous effusions coexist with osteolytic lesions, although histopathological verification remains the gold standard. Although there is no current consensus on therapeutic strategies, emerging pharmacological interventions including the use of sirolimus, bevacizumab, propranolol, interferon-α, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which demonstrate variable efficacy. This case underscores the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in the management of complex lymphatic malformations and indicates the potential of targeted therapies in pediatric patients.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05884-2Pediatric populationLymphangiomatosisClinical characteristics
spellingShingle Yuxing Sun
Jun Zhou
Xiaoqin Hu
Ming Li
Li Tan
Lymphangiomatosis with pulmonary, mediastinal, and spinal involvement in a pediatric patient: a case report
BMC Pediatrics
Pediatric population
Lymphangiomatosis
Clinical characteristics
title Lymphangiomatosis with pulmonary, mediastinal, and spinal involvement in a pediatric patient: a case report
title_full Lymphangiomatosis with pulmonary, mediastinal, and spinal involvement in a pediatric patient: a case report
title_fullStr Lymphangiomatosis with pulmonary, mediastinal, and spinal involvement in a pediatric patient: a case report
title_full_unstemmed Lymphangiomatosis with pulmonary, mediastinal, and spinal involvement in a pediatric patient: a case report
title_short Lymphangiomatosis with pulmonary, mediastinal, and spinal involvement in a pediatric patient: a case report
title_sort lymphangiomatosis with pulmonary mediastinal and spinal involvement in a pediatric patient a case report
topic Pediatric population
Lymphangiomatosis
Clinical characteristics
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05884-2
work_keys_str_mv AT yuxingsun lymphangiomatosiswithpulmonarymediastinalandspinalinvolvementinapediatricpatientacasereport
AT junzhou lymphangiomatosiswithpulmonarymediastinalandspinalinvolvementinapediatricpatientacasereport
AT xiaoqinhu lymphangiomatosiswithpulmonarymediastinalandspinalinvolvementinapediatricpatientacasereport
AT mingli lymphangiomatosiswithpulmonarymediastinalandspinalinvolvementinapediatricpatientacasereport
AT litan lymphangiomatosiswithpulmonarymediastinalandspinalinvolvementinapediatricpatientacasereport