Alterations in tidal volume over recording time during pulmonary function testing by barometric whole-body plethysmography in client-owned cats: a multicenter retrospective investigation

Abstract Background Pulmonary function assessment in small animal clinical patients typically relies on tidal breathing analysis, such as placing cats in a barometric whole-body plethysmography (BWBP) chamber. Despite its wide application in various clinical scenarios, the recording time for BWBP ha...

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Main Authors: Wei-Tao Chang, Laín García-Guasch, Hannah Gareis, Bianka Schulz, Yoshiki Yamaya, Pei-Ying Lo, Chin-Hao Chang, Hui-Wen Chen, Chung-Hui Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04774-0
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author Wei-Tao Chang
Laín García-Guasch
Hannah Gareis
Bianka Schulz
Yoshiki Yamaya
Pei-Ying Lo
Chin-Hao Chang
Hui-Wen Chen
Chung-Hui Lin
author_facet Wei-Tao Chang
Laín García-Guasch
Hannah Gareis
Bianka Schulz
Yoshiki Yamaya
Pei-Ying Lo
Chin-Hao Chang
Hui-Wen Chen
Chung-Hui Lin
author_sort Wei-Tao Chang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Pulmonary function assessment in small animal clinical patients typically relies on tidal breathing analysis, such as placing cats in a barometric whole-body plethysmography (BWBP) chamber. Despite its wide application in various clinical scenarios, the recording time for BWBP has not been standardized. Variability in resting tidal volume (TV) during natural breathing is significant, impacting the detection of airflow limitation in obstructive airway disease. This multicenter investigation aimed to examine the consistency of TV alterations over the BWBP recording period across different regions, identify influential factors associated with signalment or emotion of the cat, and determine whether the recording time for BWBP in clinical cats could be shorter than in previous studies. Results This is a multicenter retrospective study. A total of 131 BWBP recordings from clinical cats across four sites in different countries were enrolled. Ventilatory parameters calculated from short sections using 5 and 20 breaths at the first site showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Among all sites, TV of the initial period (TV-initial, median 32.5 mL, range 4.9-162.9) was significantly greater than TV of the middle (TV-mid, 29.9 mL, range 6.7-144.6) (P < 0.001) and the late (TV-late, 27.5 mL, range 5.1-144.8) (P < 0.001) period of the recording, while TV-mid and TV-late were not significantly different (P = 0.19). The trend of alterations in TV was not affected by site, emotional status, health status, age, or gender. Forest plots with 95% confidence intervals of TV generated from short sections, alongside conventional data averaging breaths over a 5-minute period (TV-All), showed acceptable margins of error at all sites. TV-mid and TV-late were closest to TV-All, whereas TV-initial was larger than TV-mid, TV-late, and TV-All. Conclusions TV in clinical cats within the BWBP chamber tends to decrease with recording time. When a shorter section of breaths is desired for clinical evaluation, selecting 5 or 20 breaths from the beginning period of recording would have a higher TV, which might be advantageous for investigating obstructive airway problems. Alternatively, breaths selected from the middle or later stages of recording would be more representative of relaxed breathing over a longer period of time.
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spelling doaj-art-182e50f77c4d4140baa08104adb9dc322025-08-20T03:52:20ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482025-05-012111810.1186/s12917-025-04774-0Alterations in tidal volume over recording time during pulmonary function testing by barometric whole-body plethysmography in client-owned cats: a multicenter retrospective investigationWei-Tao Chang0Laín García-Guasch1Hannah Gareis2Bianka Schulz3Yoshiki Yamaya4Pei-Ying Lo5Chin-Hao Chang6Hui-Wen Chen7Chung-Hui Lin8National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan UniversityIVC Evidensia Hospital Veterinari Molins & Hospital Veterinaria del MarClinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of MunichClinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of MunichVeterinary Anesthesiology & Respiratory Research Laboratory, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon UniversityLab of Small Animal Respiratory and Cardiovascular Medicine, TACS-Alliance Research CenterDepartment of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityNational Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan UniversityAbstract Background Pulmonary function assessment in small animal clinical patients typically relies on tidal breathing analysis, such as placing cats in a barometric whole-body plethysmography (BWBP) chamber. Despite its wide application in various clinical scenarios, the recording time for BWBP has not been standardized. Variability in resting tidal volume (TV) during natural breathing is significant, impacting the detection of airflow limitation in obstructive airway disease. This multicenter investigation aimed to examine the consistency of TV alterations over the BWBP recording period across different regions, identify influential factors associated with signalment or emotion of the cat, and determine whether the recording time for BWBP in clinical cats could be shorter than in previous studies. Results This is a multicenter retrospective study. A total of 131 BWBP recordings from clinical cats across four sites in different countries were enrolled. Ventilatory parameters calculated from short sections using 5 and 20 breaths at the first site showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Among all sites, TV of the initial period (TV-initial, median 32.5 mL, range 4.9-162.9) was significantly greater than TV of the middle (TV-mid, 29.9 mL, range 6.7-144.6) (P < 0.001) and the late (TV-late, 27.5 mL, range 5.1-144.8) (P < 0.001) period of the recording, while TV-mid and TV-late were not significantly different (P = 0.19). The trend of alterations in TV was not affected by site, emotional status, health status, age, or gender. Forest plots with 95% confidence intervals of TV generated from short sections, alongside conventional data averaging breaths over a 5-minute period (TV-All), showed acceptable margins of error at all sites. TV-mid and TV-late were closest to TV-All, whereas TV-initial was larger than TV-mid, TV-late, and TV-All. Conclusions TV in clinical cats within the BWBP chamber tends to decrease with recording time. When a shorter section of breaths is desired for clinical evaluation, selecting 5 or 20 breaths from the beginning period of recording would have a higher TV, which might be advantageous for investigating obstructive airway problems. Alternatively, breaths selected from the middle or later stages of recording would be more representative of relaxed breathing over a longer period of time.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04774-0Lung function testTidal breathingBWBP systemFeline patientsNon-invasive diagnostics
spellingShingle Wei-Tao Chang
Laín García-Guasch
Hannah Gareis
Bianka Schulz
Yoshiki Yamaya
Pei-Ying Lo
Chin-Hao Chang
Hui-Wen Chen
Chung-Hui Lin
Alterations in tidal volume over recording time during pulmonary function testing by barometric whole-body plethysmography in client-owned cats: a multicenter retrospective investigation
BMC Veterinary Research
Lung function test
Tidal breathing
BWBP system
Feline patients
Non-invasive diagnostics
title Alterations in tidal volume over recording time during pulmonary function testing by barometric whole-body plethysmography in client-owned cats: a multicenter retrospective investigation
title_full Alterations in tidal volume over recording time during pulmonary function testing by barometric whole-body plethysmography in client-owned cats: a multicenter retrospective investigation
title_fullStr Alterations in tidal volume over recording time during pulmonary function testing by barometric whole-body plethysmography in client-owned cats: a multicenter retrospective investigation
title_full_unstemmed Alterations in tidal volume over recording time during pulmonary function testing by barometric whole-body plethysmography in client-owned cats: a multicenter retrospective investigation
title_short Alterations in tidal volume over recording time during pulmonary function testing by barometric whole-body plethysmography in client-owned cats: a multicenter retrospective investigation
title_sort alterations in tidal volume over recording time during pulmonary function testing by barometric whole body plethysmography in client owned cats a multicenter retrospective investigation
topic Lung function test
Tidal breathing
BWBP system
Feline patients
Non-invasive diagnostics
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04774-0
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