Forbush Effects Associated with Disappeared Solar Filaments

The Forbush effects (FEs) in cosmic rays associated with interplanetary disturbances caused by the disappearance of solar filaments (DSFs) outside active regions (ARs) are considered. In total, 481 FEs were detected for 1995–2023 using the database of Forbush Effects and Interplanetary Disturbances...

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Main Authors: Olga Kryakunova, Botakoz Seifullina, Maria Abunina, Nataly Shlyk, Artem Abunin, Nikolay Nikolayevskiy, Irina Tsepakina
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Atmosphere
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/6/735
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author Olga Kryakunova
Botakoz Seifullina
Maria Abunina
Nataly Shlyk
Artem Abunin
Nikolay Nikolayevskiy
Irina Tsepakina
author_facet Olga Kryakunova
Botakoz Seifullina
Maria Abunina
Nataly Shlyk
Artem Abunin
Nikolay Nikolayevskiy
Irina Tsepakina
author_sort Olga Kryakunova
collection DOAJ
description The Forbush effects (FEs) in cosmic rays associated with interplanetary disturbances caused by the disappearance of solar filaments (DSFs) outside active regions (ARs) are considered. In total, 481 FEs were detected for 1995–2023 using the database of Forbush Effects and Interplanetary Disturbances (FEID). The behavior of the cosmic ray density was calculated using the Global Survey Method (GSM). The distributions of the FE numbers depending on their duration and magnitude, as well as on the characteristics of the interplanetary and near-Earth medium, were obtained. It is found that the average duration of such FEs (33.4 ± 0.5 h) is almost the same as for events associated with CMEs from ARs, but the average magnitude is much smaller (0.83 ± 0.03%). It is also shown that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) caused by DSFs are often low-speed interplanetary disturbances (with an average maximum SW speed of 423.2 ± 3.5 km/s), the velocities of which are close to the speed of the background solar wind (SW). During FEs associated with CMEs after DSFs outside ARs, on average, unsettled geomagnetic activity is observed. Magnetic storms were recorded only in 19% of events. Lower values of FE magnitude and geomagnetic activity are associated with weakened magnetic fields and low speeds of such interplanetary disturbances.
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spelling doaj-art-18213cef74d7439fa140e644e0249d132025-08-20T03:26:21ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-06-0116673510.3390/atmos16060735Forbush Effects Associated with Disappeared Solar FilamentsOlga Kryakunova0Botakoz Seifullina1Maria Abunina2Nataly Shlyk3Artem Abunin4Nikolay Nikolayevskiy5Irina Tsepakina6Institute of the Ionosphere, Almaty 050020, KazakhstanInstitute of the Ionosphere, Almaty 050020, KazakhstanPushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, RussiaPushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, RussiaPushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, RussiaInstitute of the Ionosphere, Almaty 050020, KazakhstanInstitute of the Ionosphere, Almaty 050020, KazakhstanThe Forbush effects (FEs) in cosmic rays associated with interplanetary disturbances caused by the disappearance of solar filaments (DSFs) outside active regions (ARs) are considered. In total, 481 FEs were detected for 1995–2023 using the database of Forbush Effects and Interplanetary Disturbances (FEID). The behavior of the cosmic ray density was calculated using the Global Survey Method (GSM). The distributions of the FE numbers depending on their duration and magnitude, as well as on the characteristics of the interplanetary and near-Earth medium, were obtained. It is found that the average duration of such FEs (33.4 ± 0.5 h) is almost the same as for events associated with CMEs from ARs, but the average magnitude is much smaller (0.83 ± 0.03%). It is also shown that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) caused by DSFs are often low-speed interplanetary disturbances (with an average maximum SW speed of 423.2 ± 3.5 km/s), the velocities of which are close to the speed of the background solar wind (SW). During FEs associated with CMEs after DSFs outside ARs, on average, unsettled geomagnetic activity is observed. Magnetic storms were recorded only in 19% of events. Lower values of FE magnitude and geomagnetic activity are associated with weakened magnetic fields and low speeds of such interplanetary disturbances.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/6/735cosmic raysForbush effectdisappearance of solar filament
spellingShingle Olga Kryakunova
Botakoz Seifullina
Maria Abunina
Nataly Shlyk
Artem Abunin
Nikolay Nikolayevskiy
Irina Tsepakina
Forbush Effects Associated with Disappeared Solar Filaments
Atmosphere
cosmic rays
Forbush effect
disappearance of solar filament
title Forbush Effects Associated with Disappeared Solar Filaments
title_full Forbush Effects Associated with Disappeared Solar Filaments
title_fullStr Forbush Effects Associated with Disappeared Solar Filaments
title_full_unstemmed Forbush Effects Associated with Disappeared Solar Filaments
title_short Forbush Effects Associated with Disappeared Solar Filaments
title_sort forbush effects associated with disappeared solar filaments
topic cosmic rays
Forbush effect
disappearance of solar filament
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/6/735
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