Mitochondrial-derived gene expression in hibernation: tissue-specific responses in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel

Hibernation is a remarkable physiological adaptation in many mammals, characterized by prolonged torpor and profound metabolic suppression. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial-derived gene expression during hibernation remain poorly understood. In this study, we...

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Main Authors: Sarah Viola Emser, Eva Millesi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2025-08-01
Series:Open Biology
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsob.240255
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author Sarah Viola Emser
Eva Millesi
author_facet Sarah Viola Emser
Eva Millesi
author_sort Sarah Viola Emser
collection DOAJ
description Hibernation is a remarkable physiological adaptation in many mammals, characterized by prolonged torpor and profound metabolic suppression. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial-derived gene expression during hibernation remain poorly understood. In this study, we analysed mitochondrial gene expression across multiple tissues of the hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) using publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. We assessed all known mitochondrial DNA-derived transcripts—including mitochondrial mRNAs, mitochondrial-derived peptides and proteins (MDPs), rRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)—in the liver, adrenal gland, three brain regions, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) across different hibernation states. Our findings reveal distinct tissue-specific expression patterns of mitochondrial transcripts. Differential expression was observed in three of the six tissues analysed (liver, adrenal gland, and BAT) while no significant changes were detected in the three brain regions. In tissues exhibiting differential expression, a consistent pattern emerged: lncRNAs such as Mdl1, Mdl1as, and lncCyb were generally upregulated, whereas mRNAs, including a novel transcript encoding the putative mitochondrial protein Rudel, were predominantly downregulated. These results provide new insights into mitochondrial gene regulation during hibernation and highlight tissue-specific adaptations at the level of mitochondrial gene expression.
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spelling doaj-art-1815f7017bf44d2f85dbfdcae70818792025-08-20T04:00:45ZengThe Royal SocietyOpen Biology2046-24412025-08-0115810.1098/rsob.240255Mitochondrial-derived gene expression in hibernation: tissue-specific responses in the thirteen-lined ground squirrelSarah Viola Emser0Eva Millesi1Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaHibernation is a remarkable physiological adaptation in many mammals, characterized by prolonged torpor and profound metabolic suppression. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial-derived gene expression during hibernation remain poorly understood. In this study, we analysed mitochondrial gene expression across multiple tissues of the hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) using publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. We assessed all known mitochondrial DNA-derived transcripts—including mitochondrial mRNAs, mitochondrial-derived peptides and proteins (MDPs), rRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)—in the liver, adrenal gland, three brain regions, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) across different hibernation states. Our findings reveal distinct tissue-specific expression patterns of mitochondrial transcripts. Differential expression was observed in three of the six tissues analysed (liver, adrenal gland, and BAT) while no significant changes were detected in the three brain regions. In tissues exhibiting differential expression, a consistent pattern emerged: lncRNAs such as Mdl1, Mdl1as, and lncCyb were generally upregulated, whereas mRNAs, including a novel transcript encoding the putative mitochondrial protein Rudel, were predominantly downregulated. These results provide new insights into mitochondrial gene regulation during hibernation and highlight tissue-specific adaptations at the level of mitochondrial gene expression.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsob.240255hibernationtranscriptome profilingmitochondrial gene expressionmitochondrial-derived peptidesthirteen-lined ground squirrel
spellingShingle Sarah Viola Emser
Eva Millesi
Mitochondrial-derived gene expression in hibernation: tissue-specific responses in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel
Open Biology
hibernation
transcriptome profiling
mitochondrial gene expression
mitochondrial-derived peptides
thirteen-lined ground squirrel
title Mitochondrial-derived gene expression in hibernation: tissue-specific responses in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel
title_full Mitochondrial-derived gene expression in hibernation: tissue-specific responses in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel
title_fullStr Mitochondrial-derived gene expression in hibernation: tissue-specific responses in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel
title_full_unstemmed Mitochondrial-derived gene expression in hibernation: tissue-specific responses in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel
title_short Mitochondrial-derived gene expression in hibernation: tissue-specific responses in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel
title_sort mitochondrial derived gene expression in hibernation tissue specific responses in the thirteen lined ground squirrel
topic hibernation
transcriptome profiling
mitochondrial gene expression
mitochondrial-derived peptides
thirteen-lined ground squirrel
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsob.240255
work_keys_str_mv AT sarahviolaemser mitochondrialderivedgeneexpressioninhibernationtissuespecificresponsesinthethirteenlinedgroundsquirrel
AT evamillesi mitochondrialderivedgeneexpressioninhibernationtissuespecificresponsesinthethirteenlinedgroundsquirrel