Clustering on longitudinal lifestyle trajectories and their impact on cognitive performance

IntroductionLifestyle factors have demonstrated a significant contribution to resilience against cognitive decline and age-related diseases. However, the understanding of how combinations of modifiable lifestyle behaviors relate to cognitive trajectories across the lifespan remains limited. This stu...

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Main Authors: Alba Roca-Ventura, Javier Solana-Sánchez, Gabriele Cattaneo, Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze, Goretti España-Irla, María Redondo-Camós, Selma Delgado-Gallén, Ruben Romero, Edgar Buloz-Osorio, Álvaro Pascual-Leone, David Bartrés-Faz
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1510971/full
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author Alba Roca-Ventura
Alba Roca-Ventura
Alba Roca-Ventura
Javier Solana-Sánchez
Javier Solana-Sánchez
Javier Solana-Sánchez
Gabriele Cattaneo
Gabriele Cattaneo
Gabriele Cattaneo
Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze
Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze
Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze
Goretti España-Irla
Goretti España-Irla
Goretti España-Irla
María Redondo-Camós
María Redondo-Camós
María Redondo-Camós
Selma Delgado-Gallén
Selma Delgado-Gallén
Selma Delgado-Gallén
Ruben Romero
Ruben Romero
Ruben Romero
Edgar Buloz-Osorio
Edgar Buloz-Osorio
Edgar Buloz-Osorio
Álvaro Pascual-Leone
Álvaro Pascual-Leone
David Bartrés-Faz
David Bartrés-Faz
David Bartrés-Faz
author_facet Alba Roca-Ventura
Alba Roca-Ventura
Alba Roca-Ventura
Javier Solana-Sánchez
Javier Solana-Sánchez
Javier Solana-Sánchez
Gabriele Cattaneo
Gabriele Cattaneo
Gabriele Cattaneo
Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze
Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze
Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze
Goretti España-Irla
Goretti España-Irla
Goretti España-Irla
María Redondo-Camós
María Redondo-Camós
María Redondo-Camós
Selma Delgado-Gallén
Selma Delgado-Gallén
Selma Delgado-Gallén
Ruben Romero
Ruben Romero
Ruben Romero
Edgar Buloz-Osorio
Edgar Buloz-Osorio
Edgar Buloz-Osorio
Álvaro Pascual-Leone
Álvaro Pascual-Leone
David Bartrés-Faz
David Bartrés-Faz
David Bartrés-Faz
author_sort Alba Roca-Ventura
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionLifestyle factors have demonstrated a significant contribution to resilience against cognitive decline and age-related diseases. However, the understanding of how combinations of modifiable lifestyle behaviors relate to cognitive trajectories across the lifespan remains limited. This study aims to explore the relationship between lifestyle trajectories—including cognitive activity, physical exercise, sleep, socialization, nutrition, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and body mass index (BMI)—and cognitive performance in healthy middle-aged adults.MethodsData were obtained from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative (BBHI), an ongoing longitudinal prospective cohort study. Participants completed repeated self-reports on lifestyle factors and underwent in-person neuropsychological assessments. Kml3d clustering was applied to the longitudinal lifestyle data to identify distinct profiles. Cognitive performance was then analyzed across these lifestyle clusters to evaluate associations between lifestyle patterns and cognitive status.ResultsThe results revealed that adherence to healthy lifestyle patterns was strongly associated with better cognitive performance. Specifically, individuals following profiles characterized by higher engagement in cognitive and physical activities, healthier nutrition, better psychological health, and stronger socialization showed superior cognitive status. Moreover, the findings underscored that adhering to a higher number of healthy behaviors had a cumulative positive impact on cognition. Across the studied period—spanning middle age to older adulthood—cognitive trajectories were generally stable.DiscussionThis study highlights that k-means clustering of longitudinal lifestyle data can successfully identify meaningful lifestyle profiles associated with cognitive status in middle-aged adults. The results suggest that specific combinations of modifiable lifestyle factors may exert a more pronounced influence on maintaining cognitive health. These findings provide promising insights for the development and personalization of lifestyle interventions aimed at enhancing brain health and resilience to cognitive decline.
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spelling doaj-art-18151e3319f74146b03d1a4cdc6424cb2025-08-20T02:47:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-07-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15109711510971Clustering on longitudinal lifestyle trajectories and their impact on cognitive performanceAlba Roca-Ventura0Alba Roca-Ventura1Alba Roca-Ventura2Javier Solana-Sánchez3Javier Solana-Sánchez4Javier Solana-Sánchez5Gabriele Cattaneo6Gabriele Cattaneo7Gabriele Cattaneo8Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze9Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze10Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze11Goretti España-Irla12Goretti España-Irla13Goretti España-Irla14María Redondo-Camós15María Redondo-Camós16María Redondo-Camós17Selma Delgado-Gallén18Selma Delgado-Gallén19Selma Delgado-Gallén20Ruben Romero21Ruben Romero22Ruben Romero23Edgar Buloz-Osorio24Edgar Buloz-Osorio25Edgar Buloz-Osorio26Álvaro Pascual-Leone27Álvaro Pascual-Leone28David Bartrés-Faz29David Bartrés-Faz30David Bartrés-Faz31Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, SpainDepartament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainFundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, SpainInstitut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, SpainFundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, SpainInstitut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, SpainFundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, SpainInstitut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, SpainFundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, SpainInstitut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, SpainFundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, SpainInstitut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, SpainFundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, SpainInstitut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, SpainFundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, SpainInstitut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, SpainFundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, SpainInstitut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, SpainFundació Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, SpainUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, SpainHinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesInstitut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Badalona, SpainDepartament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, SpainIntroductionLifestyle factors have demonstrated a significant contribution to resilience against cognitive decline and age-related diseases. However, the understanding of how combinations of modifiable lifestyle behaviors relate to cognitive trajectories across the lifespan remains limited. This study aims to explore the relationship between lifestyle trajectories—including cognitive activity, physical exercise, sleep, socialization, nutrition, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and body mass index (BMI)—and cognitive performance in healthy middle-aged adults.MethodsData were obtained from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative (BBHI), an ongoing longitudinal prospective cohort study. Participants completed repeated self-reports on lifestyle factors and underwent in-person neuropsychological assessments. Kml3d clustering was applied to the longitudinal lifestyle data to identify distinct profiles. Cognitive performance was then analyzed across these lifestyle clusters to evaluate associations between lifestyle patterns and cognitive status.ResultsThe results revealed that adherence to healthy lifestyle patterns was strongly associated with better cognitive performance. Specifically, individuals following profiles characterized by higher engagement in cognitive and physical activities, healthier nutrition, better psychological health, and stronger socialization showed superior cognitive status. Moreover, the findings underscored that adhering to a higher number of healthy behaviors had a cumulative positive impact on cognition. Across the studied period—spanning middle age to older adulthood—cognitive trajectories were generally stable.DiscussionThis study highlights that k-means clustering of longitudinal lifestyle data can successfully identify meaningful lifestyle profiles associated with cognitive status in middle-aged adults. The results suggest that specific combinations of modifiable lifestyle factors may exert a more pronounced influence on maintaining cognitive health. These findings provide promising insights for the development and personalization of lifestyle interventions aimed at enhancing brain health and resilience to cognitive decline.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1510971/fulllifestyle and behaviorclustering analysisbrain healthlongitudinal analysescognitionneuropsychological assessment
spellingShingle Alba Roca-Ventura
Alba Roca-Ventura
Alba Roca-Ventura
Javier Solana-Sánchez
Javier Solana-Sánchez
Javier Solana-Sánchez
Gabriele Cattaneo
Gabriele Cattaneo
Gabriele Cattaneo
Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze
Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze
Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze
Goretti España-Irla
Goretti España-Irla
Goretti España-Irla
María Redondo-Camós
María Redondo-Camós
María Redondo-Camós
Selma Delgado-Gallén
Selma Delgado-Gallén
Selma Delgado-Gallén
Ruben Romero
Ruben Romero
Ruben Romero
Edgar Buloz-Osorio
Edgar Buloz-Osorio
Edgar Buloz-Osorio
Álvaro Pascual-Leone
Álvaro Pascual-Leone
David Bartrés-Faz
David Bartrés-Faz
David Bartrés-Faz
Clustering on longitudinal lifestyle trajectories and their impact on cognitive performance
Frontiers in Psychology
lifestyle and behavior
clustering analysis
brain health
longitudinal analyses
cognition
neuropsychological assessment
title Clustering on longitudinal lifestyle trajectories and their impact on cognitive performance
title_full Clustering on longitudinal lifestyle trajectories and their impact on cognitive performance
title_fullStr Clustering on longitudinal lifestyle trajectories and their impact on cognitive performance
title_full_unstemmed Clustering on longitudinal lifestyle trajectories and their impact on cognitive performance
title_short Clustering on longitudinal lifestyle trajectories and their impact on cognitive performance
title_sort clustering on longitudinal lifestyle trajectories and their impact on cognitive performance
topic lifestyle and behavior
clustering analysis
brain health
longitudinal analyses
cognition
neuropsychological assessment
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1510971/full
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