C15-bacillomycin D produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-9-2 suppress Fusarium graminearum infection and mycotoxin biosynthesis
IntroductionFusarium graminearum threatens global food security through crop diseases and mycotoxin contamination, presenting significant challenges in controlling this toxigenic pathogen.MethodsSoil bacteria were isolated and screened for antagonism using plate confrontation. Active strain 4-9-2 wa...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1599452/full |
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| author | Zhongliang Liu Yijia Luo Rongxin Lin Chengming Li Hanjun Zhao Haqmal Mohammad Aman Muhammad Asif Wisal Huifeng Dong Dingkuo Liu Xiaona Yu Lingcong Kong Hongxia Ma |
| author_facet | Zhongliang Liu Yijia Luo Rongxin Lin Chengming Li Hanjun Zhao Haqmal Mohammad Aman Muhammad Asif Wisal Huifeng Dong Dingkuo Liu Xiaona Yu Lingcong Kong Hongxia Ma |
| author_sort | Zhongliang Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionFusarium graminearum threatens global food security through crop diseases and mycotoxin contamination, presenting significant challenges in controlling this toxigenic pathogen.MethodsSoil bacteria were isolated and screened for antagonism using plate confrontation. Active strain 4-9-2 was identified by 16S rDNA and whole-genome sequencing. Antifungal metabolites were characterized via AntiSMASH, HPLC, and ESI-IT-TOF/MS. MIC and IC₅₀ against F. graminearum spores/hyphae were determined. Biocontrol efficacy was tested on maize kernels, measuring infection suppression and mycotoxin reduction. Compound stability was assessed under varying temperatures (25–100°C), pH (2–12), metal ions, and enzymes. Mechanisms were investigated through microscopy, membrane permeability, ROS, and membrane potential assays.ResultsStrain 4-9-2 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) showed potent antifungal activity. Its genome (3,957,046 bp, GC 46.5%) harbored 12 BGCs. The metabolite was identified as C15-bacillomycin D, inhibiting F. graminearum at MIC 64 μg/mL and IC50 26.10 μg/mL. It suppressed maize kernel infection and reduced deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) levels. Bacillomycin D maintained activity across tested temperatures, pH, and stressors. It disrupted membrane integrity, causing morphological defects, increased permeability, ROS accumulation, and membrane depolarization.DiscussionBacillomycin D from B. amyloliquefaciens 4-9-2 is a promising biocontrol agent against F. graminearum, combining potent antifungal activity, mycotoxin reduction, environmental resilience, and membrane-targeting action. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-17ef79f9db39415dafc0892fde3b6cc8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-17ef79f9db39415dafc0892fde3b6cc82025-08-20T03:45:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-06-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15994521599452C15-bacillomycin D produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-9-2 suppress Fusarium graminearum infection and mycotoxin biosynthesisZhongliang Liu0Yijia Luo1Rongxin Lin2Chengming Li3Hanjun Zhao4Haqmal Mohammad Aman5Muhammad Asif Wisal6Huifeng Dong7Dingkuo Liu8Xiaona Yu9Lingcong Kong10Hongxia Ma11College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive Enterprise, S&E Burgeoning Biotechnology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive Enterprise, S&E Burgeoning Biotechnology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin, ChinaCollege of Nursing, He University, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, ChinaIntroductionFusarium graminearum threatens global food security through crop diseases and mycotoxin contamination, presenting significant challenges in controlling this toxigenic pathogen.MethodsSoil bacteria were isolated and screened for antagonism using plate confrontation. Active strain 4-9-2 was identified by 16S rDNA and whole-genome sequencing. Antifungal metabolites were characterized via AntiSMASH, HPLC, and ESI-IT-TOF/MS. MIC and IC₅₀ against F. graminearum spores/hyphae were determined. Biocontrol efficacy was tested on maize kernels, measuring infection suppression and mycotoxin reduction. Compound stability was assessed under varying temperatures (25–100°C), pH (2–12), metal ions, and enzymes. Mechanisms were investigated through microscopy, membrane permeability, ROS, and membrane potential assays.ResultsStrain 4-9-2 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) showed potent antifungal activity. Its genome (3,957,046 bp, GC 46.5%) harbored 12 BGCs. The metabolite was identified as C15-bacillomycin D, inhibiting F. graminearum at MIC 64 μg/mL and IC50 26.10 μg/mL. It suppressed maize kernel infection and reduced deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) levels. Bacillomycin D maintained activity across tested temperatures, pH, and stressors. It disrupted membrane integrity, causing morphological defects, increased permeability, ROS accumulation, and membrane depolarization.DiscussionBacillomycin D from B. amyloliquefaciens 4-9-2 is a promising biocontrol agent against F. graminearum, combining potent antifungal activity, mycotoxin reduction, environmental resilience, and membrane-targeting action.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1599452/fullbiological controllipopeptidesF. graminearumantifungal activitymycotoxin |
| spellingShingle | Zhongliang Liu Yijia Luo Rongxin Lin Chengming Li Hanjun Zhao Haqmal Mohammad Aman Muhammad Asif Wisal Huifeng Dong Dingkuo Liu Xiaona Yu Lingcong Kong Hongxia Ma C15-bacillomycin D produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-9-2 suppress Fusarium graminearum infection and mycotoxin biosynthesis Frontiers in Microbiology biological control lipopeptides F. graminearum antifungal activity mycotoxin |
| title | C15-bacillomycin D produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-9-2 suppress Fusarium graminearum infection and mycotoxin biosynthesis |
| title_full | C15-bacillomycin D produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-9-2 suppress Fusarium graminearum infection and mycotoxin biosynthesis |
| title_fullStr | C15-bacillomycin D produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-9-2 suppress Fusarium graminearum infection and mycotoxin biosynthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | C15-bacillomycin D produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-9-2 suppress Fusarium graminearum infection and mycotoxin biosynthesis |
| title_short | C15-bacillomycin D produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-9-2 suppress Fusarium graminearum infection and mycotoxin biosynthesis |
| title_sort | c15 bacillomycin d produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4 9 2 suppress fusarium graminearum infection and mycotoxin biosynthesis |
| topic | biological control lipopeptides F. graminearum antifungal activity mycotoxin |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1599452/full |
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