Protective Effects of 17-βE<sub>2</sub> on the Primary Hepatocytes of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Under Acute Heat Stress
The rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) is a typical cold-water species. However, due to global warming, it has experienced prolonged high-temperature stress. Research indicates that thermotolerance in rainbow trout varies by sex at multiple physiological levels. Specifically, fem...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| author | Guiyan Zhao Zhe Liu Junhao Lu Jinqiang Quan Yucai Pan |
| author_facet | Guiyan Zhao Zhe Liu Junhao Lu Jinqiang Quan Yucai Pan |
| author_sort | Guiyan Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) is a typical cold-water species. However, due to global warming, it has experienced prolonged high-temperature stress. Research indicates that thermotolerance in rainbow trout varies by sex at multiple physiological levels. Specifically, females exhibit higher thermotolerance, which may be attributed to estrogen-mediated signal transduction pathways. This study involved culturing primary hepatocytes from rainbow trout and exposing them to estradiol and estrogen receptor antagonists to assess estradiol’s protective effects. The analysis focused on expression of ER, HSPs genes, hepatocyte viability, and antioxidant indices. Four experimental groups were treated with 17-βE<sub>2</sub> at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM/mL for durations of 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h at 18 °C. 17-βE<sub>2</sub> treatment led to increased hepatocyte viability and enhanced SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT levels but decreased MDA levels. <i>hsp70a</i>, <i>hsp90β</i>, <i>era1</i>, and <i>erβ1</i> levels were notably higher, with the optimal 17-βE<sub>2</sub> concentration being 1.0 μM/mL. Following heat stress (24 °C), the addition of 1.0 μM/mL 17-βE<sub>2</sub> improved hepatocyte viability and increased SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT levels, while MDA content initially decreased before rising. The gene expression of <i>hsp70a</i>, <i>hsp90β</i>, <i>era1</i>, and <i>erβ1</i> was significantly elevated compared to controls. Flow cytometry analysis showed increased apoptosis after heat exposure; however, 17-βE<sub>2</sub> treatment significantly reduced the heat stress-induced effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, 17-βE<sub>2</sub> and mild heat stress collaboratively enhanced the expression of HSPs and estrogen receptors, thereby providing protection to hepatocytes from heat stress damage, indicating a beneficial protective role of estradiol in rainbow trout hepatocytes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-17ecdbfd48c4433e9f106ef09165b70d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-17ecdbfd48c4433e9f106ef09165b70d2025-08-20T02:26:52ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-10-011311131610.3390/antiox13111316Protective Effects of 17-βE<sub>2</sub> on the Primary Hepatocytes of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Under Acute Heat StressGuiyan Zhao0Zhe Liu1Junhao Lu2Jinqiang Quan3Yucai Pan4Department of College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaDepartment of College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaDepartment of College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaDepartment of College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaDepartment of College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaThe rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) is a typical cold-water species. However, due to global warming, it has experienced prolonged high-temperature stress. Research indicates that thermotolerance in rainbow trout varies by sex at multiple physiological levels. Specifically, females exhibit higher thermotolerance, which may be attributed to estrogen-mediated signal transduction pathways. This study involved culturing primary hepatocytes from rainbow trout and exposing them to estradiol and estrogen receptor antagonists to assess estradiol’s protective effects. The analysis focused on expression of ER, HSPs genes, hepatocyte viability, and antioxidant indices. Four experimental groups were treated with 17-βE<sub>2</sub> at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM/mL for durations of 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h at 18 °C. 17-βE<sub>2</sub> treatment led to increased hepatocyte viability and enhanced SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT levels but decreased MDA levels. <i>hsp70a</i>, <i>hsp90β</i>, <i>era1</i>, and <i>erβ1</i> levels were notably higher, with the optimal 17-βE<sub>2</sub> concentration being 1.0 μM/mL. Following heat stress (24 °C), the addition of 1.0 μM/mL 17-βE<sub>2</sub> improved hepatocyte viability and increased SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT levels, while MDA content initially decreased before rising. The gene expression of <i>hsp70a</i>, <i>hsp90β</i>, <i>era1</i>, and <i>erβ1</i> was significantly elevated compared to controls. Flow cytometry analysis showed increased apoptosis after heat exposure; however, 17-βE<sub>2</sub> treatment significantly reduced the heat stress-induced effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, 17-βE<sub>2</sub> and mild heat stress collaboratively enhanced the expression of HSPs and estrogen receptors, thereby providing protection to hepatocytes from heat stress damage, indicating a beneficial protective role of estradiol in rainbow trout hepatocytes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1316rainbow troutheat stress17-βE<sub>2</sub>estrogen receptors |
| spellingShingle | Guiyan Zhao Zhe Liu Junhao Lu Jinqiang Quan Yucai Pan Protective Effects of 17-βE<sub>2</sub> on the Primary Hepatocytes of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Under Acute Heat Stress Antioxidants rainbow trout heat stress 17-βE<sub>2</sub> estrogen receptors |
| title | Protective Effects of 17-βE<sub>2</sub> on the Primary Hepatocytes of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Under Acute Heat Stress |
| title_full | Protective Effects of 17-βE<sub>2</sub> on the Primary Hepatocytes of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Under Acute Heat Stress |
| title_fullStr | Protective Effects of 17-βE<sub>2</sub> on the Primary Hepatocytes of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Under Acute Heat Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effects of 17-βE<sub>2</sub> on the Primary Hepatocytes of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Under Acute Heat Stress |
| title_short | Protective Effects of 17-βE<sub>2</sub> on the Primary Hepatocytes of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Under Acute Heat Stress |
| title_sort | protective effects of 17 βe sub 2 sub on the primary hepatocytes of rainbow trout i oncorhynchus mykiss i under acute heat stress |
| topic | rainbow trout heat stress 17-βE<sub>2</sub> estrogen receptors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/11/1316 |
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