Systematic review on effectiveness of flavonoids against hypercholesterolemia: Insights from in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo studies
Abnormal cholesterol levels have been linked to one of modifiable risk factor called hypercholesterolemia and attributable risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Flavonoids from natural products have shown beneficial to treat hypercholesterolemia and it is believed having minimal side effe...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Food Chemistry Advances |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25000978 |
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| author | Nurnazira Hanis Nurul Azira Ismail Ernie Zuraida Ali |
| author_facet | Nurnazira Hanis Nurul Azira Ismail Ernie Zuraida Ali |
| author_sort | Nurnazira Hanis |
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| description | Abnormal cholesterol levels have been linked to one of modifiable risk factor called hypercholesterolemia and attributable risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Flavonoids from natural products have shown beneficial to treat hypercholesterolemia and it is believed having minimal side effects. Nevertheless, the finding of these studies is still controversial to study the effectiveness of flavonoids against hypercholesterolemia through preclinical studies; in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo. As a result, we carried out a systematic review to identify the effectiveness and relationship between cholesterol level and flavonoids through three study of in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo. A comprehensive search for all study design of flavonoids was carried out up to 2023 using pertinent keywords in databases in Pubmed, Hindawi and ScienceDirect. The results showed that flavonoids from different natural products considerable raised or maintaining serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) while lowering the blood cholesterol level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). Additionally, flavonoids showed evidence in increasing anti-oxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Furthermore, flavonoids promote lowering lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Meanwhile, in-silico approaches show evidence of flavonoids interact with two human proteins 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA) with binding energy values ranging from -7.3 to -9.5kcal/mol. The overall results confirm that flavonoids decrease the cholesterol level and risk of CVD. Hence, giving evidence that flavonoids is having potential in treating the hypercholesterolemia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-17e12e247cf044ed9390517862e52ba5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2772-753X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food Chemistry Advances |
| spelling | doaj-art-17e12e247cf044ed9390517862e52ba52025-08-20T03:21:12ZengElsevierFood Chemistry Advances2772-753X2025-06-01710098110.1016/j.focha.2025.100981Systematic review on effectiveness of flavonoids against hypercholesterolemia: Insights from in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo studiesNurnazira Hanis0Nurul Azira Ismail1Ernie Zuraida Ali2School of Graduate Studies, Management and Science University (MSU), 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Graduate Studies, Management and Science University (MSU), 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health Malaysia, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaAbnormal cholesterol levels have been linked to one of modifiable risk factor called hypercholesterolemia and attributable risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Flavonoids from natural products have shown beneficial to treat hypercholesterolemia and it is believed having minimal side effects. Nevertheless, the finding of these studies is still controversial to study the effectiveness of flavonoids against hypercholesterolemia through preclinical studies; in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo. As a result, we carried out a systematic review to identify the effectiveness and relationship between cholesterol level and flavonoids through three study of in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo. A comprehensive search for all study design of flavonoids was carried out up to 2023 using pertinent keywords in databases in Pubmed, Hindawi and ScienceDirect. The results showed that flavonoids from different natural products considerable raised or maintaining serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) while lowering the blood cholesterol level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). Additionally, flavonoids showed evidence in increasing anti-oxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Furthermore, flavonoids promote lowering lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Meanwhile, in-silico approaches show evidence of flavonoids interact with two human proteins 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA) with binding energy values ranging from -7.3 to -9.5kcal/mol. The overall results confirm that flavonoids decrease the cholesterol level and risk of CVD. Hence, giving evidence that flavonoids is having potential in treating the hypercholesterolemia.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25000978In-silicoIn-vitroIn-vivoFlavonoidsHypercholesterolemia |
| spellingShingle | Nurnazira Hanis Nurul Azira Ismail Ernie Zuraida Ali Systematic review on effectiveness of flavonoids against hypercholesterolemia: Insights from in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo studies Food Chemistry Advances In-silico In-vitro In-vivo Flavonoids Hypercholesterolemia |
| title | Systematic review on effectiveness of flavonoids against hypercholesterolemia: Insights from in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo studies |
| title_full | Systematic review on effectiveness of flavonoids against hypercholesterolemia: Insights from in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo studies |
| title_fullStr | Systematic review on effectiveness of flavonoids against hypercholesterolemia: Insights from in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systematic review on effectiveness of flavonoids against hypercholesterolemia: Insights from in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo studies |
| title_short | Systematic review on effectiveness of flavonoids against hypercholesterolemia: Insights from in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo studies |
| title_sort | systematic review on effectiveness of flavonoids against hypercholesterolemia insights from in silico in vitro and in vivo studies |
| topic | In-silico In-vitro In-vivo Flavonoids Hypercholesterolemia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25000978 |
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