Differential alteration of rumen microbial composition in response to 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation in dairy cattle fed high-grain and high-forage diets
ABSTRACT: Although 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) is known to effectively reduce methane (CH4) emissions in ruminants, its effect on rumen microbial communities under different dietary composition remains less understood. This study investigated how different diet compositions with 3-NOP supplementation...
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Elsevier
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030225003625 |
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| author | Y. Choi M. Zhou Y. Ban M. Oba S. Duval L.L. Guan |
| author_facet | Y. Choi M. Zhou Y. Ban M. Oba S. Duval L.L. Guan |
| author_sort | Y. Choi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Although 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) is known to effectively reduce methane (CH4) emissions in ruminants, its effect on rumen microbial communities under different dietary composition remains less understood. This study investigated how different diet compositions with 3-NOP supplementation affected rumen microbial communities in dairy cows. Rumen samples were obtained from 2 previous studies: a crossover design study with two 3-NOP levels (0 and 130 mg/kg DM) under a high-grain diet (HG; grain:forage = 60:40, n = 12), and a 3 × 3 Latin square design study with three 3-NOP levels (0, 68, and 132 mg/kg DM) under a high-forage diet (HF; grain:forage = 40:60, n = 15). A total of 138 rumen samples (HG: 48 and HF: 90 samples) were subjected to metataxonomic analysis to identify the compositional shifts of rumen microbiota (bacteria, archaea, and protozoa) in response to 3-NOP supplementation. The ruminal bacterial response to 3-NOP was more pronounced under HG diet (11 genera affected) than under HF diet (2 genera affected), with Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group consistently increased under both diets. This bacterial group showed diet-specific fermentation patterns, correlating with increased molar proportion of butyrate under HF diet and potentially contributing to increased molar proportion of propionate under HG diet through succinate production. Methanogen responses to 3-NOP supplementation were also diet-dependent. Methanosphaera sp. increased under both diets, however, distinctive changes including contrasting responses between Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium under HF diet were seen, reflecting their different metabolic capabilities in substrate utilization for methanogenesis in response to 3-NOP. Notably, ruminal Mbb. gottschalkii (H2-dependent) decreased, whereas Mbb. ruminantium (H2/formate-dependent) increased under HF diet, suggesting potential adaptation mechanisms to 3-NOP-induced changes in substrate availability. Ruminal protozoal communities remained unaffected under both diets. Further analysis of combined 2 studies with a batch effect correction approach revealed increases in Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, Saccharofermentans, Mbb. ruminantium, and Methanosphaera sp. group 5 and ISO3-F5, and decreases in Mbb. gottschalkii and Methanomassiliicoccaceae group 4 sp. MpT1 under 3-NOP supplementation. These findings demonstrate that 3-NOP has consistent effects on specific microbial taxa regardless of diet composition, and it also has diet-dependent effects on other members of the rumen microbiota. This knowledge provides valuable insights for optimizing CH4 mitigation strategies in dairy production systems under different dietary compositions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-17dec35f47b8432d9cdf81f65e923ccd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
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| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-17dec35f47b8432d9cdf81f65e923ccd2025-08-20T02:45:46ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022025-08-0110888313833110.3168/jds.2024-26206Differential alteration of rumen microbial composition in response to 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation in dairy cattle fed high-grain and high-forage dietsY. Choi0M. Zhou1Y. Ban2M. Oba3S. Duval4L.L. Guan5Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5; The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, JapanDSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, SwitzerlandFaculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2P5; Corresponding authorABSTRACT: Although 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) is known to effectively reduce methane (CH4) emissions in ruminants, its effect on rumen microbial communities under different dietary composition remains less understood. This study investigated how different diet compositions with 3-NOP supplementation affected rumen microbial communities in dairy cows. Rumen samples were obtained from 2 previous studies: a crossover design study with two 3-NOP levels (0 and 130 mg/kg DM) under a high-grain diet (HG; grain:forage = 60:40, n = 12), and a 3 × 3 Latin square design study with three 3-NOP levels (0, 68, and 132 mg/kg DM) under a high-forage diet (HF; grain:forage = 40:60, n = 15). A total of 138 rumen samples (HG: 48 and HF: 90 samples) were subjected to metataxonomic analysis to identify the compositional shifts of rumen microbiota (bacteria, archaea, and protozoa) in response to 3-NOP supplementation. The ruminal bacterial response to 3-NOP was more pronounced under HG diet (11 genera affected) than under HF diet (2 genera affected), with Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group consistently increased under both diets. This bacterial group showed diet-specific fermentation patterns, correlating with increased molar proportion of butyrate under HF diet and potentially contributing to increased molar proportion of propionate under HG diet through succinate production. Methanogen responses to 3-NOP supplementation were also diet-dependent. Methanosphaera sp. increased under both diets, however, distinctive changes including contrasting responses between Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium under HF diet were seen, reflecting their different metabolic capabilities in substrate utilization for methanogenesis in response to 3-NOP. Notably, ruminal Mbb. gottschalkii (H2-dependent) decreased, whereas Mbb. ruminantium (H2/formate-dependent) increased under HF diet, suggesting potential adaptation mechanisms to 3-NOP-induced changes in substrate availability. Ruminal protozoal communities remained unaffected under both diets. Further analysis of combined 2 studies with a batch effect correction approach revealed increases in Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, Saccharofermentans, Mbb. ruminantium, and Methanosphaera sp. group 5 and ISO3-F5, and decreases in Mbb. gottschalkii and Methanomassiliicoccaceae group 4 sp. MpT1 under 3-NOP supplementation. These findings demonstrate that 3-NOP has consistent effects on specific microbial taxa regardless of diet composition, and it also has diet-dependent effects on other members of the rumen microbiota. This knowledge provides valuable insights for optimizing CH4 mitigation strategies in dairy production systems under different dietary compositions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00220302250036253-nitrooxypropanoldairy cowdiet compositionmetataxonomic analysismethane mitigation |
| spellingShingle | Y. Choi M. Zhou Y. Ban M. Oba S. Duval L.L. Guan Differential alteration of rumen microbial composition in response to 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation in dairy cattle fed high-grain and high-forage diets Journal of Dairy Science 3-nitrooxypropanol dairy cow diet composition metataxonomic analysis methane mitigation |
| title | Differential alteration of rumen microbial composition in response to 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation in dairy cattle fed high-grain and high-forage diets |
| title_full | Differential alteration of rumen microbial composition in response to 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation in dairy cattle fed high-grain and high-forage diets |
| title_fullStr | Differential alteration of rumen microbial composition in response to 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation in dairy cattle fed high-grain and high-forage diets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential alteration of rumen microbial composition in response to 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation in dairy cattle fed high-grain and high-forage diets |
| title_short | Differential alteration of rumen microbial composition in response to 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation in dairy cattle fed high-grain and high-forage diets |
| title_sort | differential alteration of rumen microbial composition in response to 3 nitrooxypropanol supplementation in dairy cattle fed high grain and high forage diets |
| topic | 3-nitrooxypropanol dairy cow diet composition metataxonomic analysis methane mitigation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030225003625 |
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