Association of antinuclear antibody positivity with liver disease severity in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

BackgroundAlthough antinuclear antibody (ANA) is frequently observed in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), its clinical significance in children remains unclear and controversial. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of ANA positivity and the fac...

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Main Authors: Hyun Jin Kim, Ju Young Kim, Yoo Min Lee, Yong Hee Hong, Ben Kang, Byung-Ho Choe, Dae Yong Yi, Eun Hye Lee, Soon Chul Kim, You Jin Choi, Hyo-Jeong Jang, So Yoon Choi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1527605/full
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author Hyun Jin Kim
Ju Young Kim
Yoo Min Lee
Yong Hee Hong
Ben Kang
Byung-Ho Choe
Dae Yong Yi
Eun Hye Lee
Soon Chul Kim
You Jin Choi
Hyo-Jeong Jang
So Yoon Choi
author_facet Hyun Jin Kim
Ju Young Kim
Yoo Min Lee
Yong Hee Hong
Ben Kang
Byung-Ho Choe
Dae Yong Yi
Eun Hye Lee
Soon Chul Kim
You Jin Choi
Hyo-Jeong Jang
So Yoon Choi
author_sort Hyun Jin Kim
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundAlthough antinuclear antibody (ANA) is frequently observed in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), its clinical significance in children remains unclear and controversial. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of ANA positivity and the factors associated with it in pediatric MASLD patients without concurrent autoimmune hepatitis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients aged 4–18 years diagnosed with MASLD and tested for ANA from January 2015 to December 2020 at 10 hospitals in Korea. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 26.0 and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsOut of the 439 patients included, ANAs were present in 89 (20.3%); 51 (57.3%) patients had ANA titer <1:80; 22 (24.7%), <1:160; 10 (11.2%), <1:320; and 6 (6.7%), <1:640. Compared to ANA-negative patients, aspartate aminotransferase (AST, P = 0.003) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, P = 0.007) levels were significantly higher in ANA-positive patients. The ALT to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) score was also associated with the ANA-positive patients (P = 0.005). To predict ANA positivity using APRI, the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was 0.597 (p = 0.004), and the APRI cutoff value of >0.893 could predict ANA, with sensitivity and specificity of 42.7% and 72.9%, respectively.ConclusionsANA positivity in pediatric MASLD is associated with greater liver enzyme elevation and increased risk of fibrosis, highlighting the need for careful monitoring in ANA-positive patients.
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spelling doaj-art-17d5acd055714ab3bbede91a59c6cc8c2025-08-20T03:06:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602025-02-011310.3389/fped.2025.15276051527605Association of antinuclear antibody positivity with liver disease severity in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseaseHyun Jin Kim0Ju Young Kim1Yoo Min Lee2Yong Hee Hong3Ben Kang4Byung-Ho Choe5Dae Yong Yi6Eun Hye Lee7Soon Chul Kim8You Jin Choi9Hyo-Jeong Jang10So Yoon Choi11Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea0Department of Pediatrics, Kosin Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of KoreaBackgroundAlthough antinuclear antibody (ANA) is frequently observed in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), its clinical significance in children remains unclear and controversial. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of ANA positivity and the factors associated with it in pediatric MASLD patients without concurrent autoimmune hepatitis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients aged 4–18 years diagnosed with MASLD and tested for ANA from January 2015 to December 2020 at 10 hospitals in Korea. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 26.0 and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsOut of the 439 patients included, ANAs were present in 89 (20.3%); 51 (57.3%) patients had ANA titer <1:80; 22 (24.7%), <1:160; 10 (11.2%), <1:320; and 6 (6.7%), <1:640. Compared to ANA-negative patients, aspartate aminotransferase (AST, P = 0.003) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, P = 0.007) levels were significantly higher in ANA-positive patients. The ALT to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) score was also associated with the ANA-positive patients (P = 0.005). To predict ANA positivity using APRI, the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was 0.597 (p = 0.004), and the APRI cutoff value of >0.893 could predict ANA, with sensitivity and specificity of 42.7% and 72.9%, respectively.ConclusionsANA positivity in pediatric MASLD is associated with greater liver enzyme elevation and increased risk of fibrosis, highlighting the need for careful monitoring in ANA-positive patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1527605/fullmetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseaseantinuclear antibodyaspartate aminotransferasealanine aminotransferasepediatrics - children
spellingShingle Hyun Jin Kim
Ju Young Kim
Yoo Min Lee
Yong Hee Hong
Ben Kang
Byung-Ho Choe
Dae Yong Yi
Eun Hye Lee
Soon Chul Kim
You Jin Choi
Hyo-Jeong Jang
So Yoon Choi
Association of antinuclear antibody positivity with liver disease severity in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Frontiers in Pediatrics
metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
antinuclear antibody
aspartate aminotransferase
alanine aminotransferase
pediatrics - children
title Association of antinuclear antibody positivity with liver disease severity in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
title_full Association of antinuclear antibody positivity with liver disease severity in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
title_fullStr Association of antinuclear antibody positivity with liver disease severity in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
title_full_unstemmed Association of antinuclear antibody positivity with liver disease severity in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
title_short Association of antinuclear antibody positivity with liver disease severity in pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
title_sort association of antinuclear antibody positivity with liver disease severity in pediatric metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease
topic metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
antinuclear antibody
aspartate aminotransferase
alanine aminotransferase
pediatrics - children
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1527605/full
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