Equivalent circuit model of grid-forming-converter based power grids: Visualizing control loop interactions on synchronization stability

For grid-forming (GFM) converter-based power grids, the impacts of AC voltage control (ACVC) loops on small-signal synchronization stability are rarely discussed in literature. To present the interactions between the synchronization control loop and the ACVC loop in an intuitive and clear approach,...

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Main Authors: Saizhao Yang, Rui Ma, Jinyu Wen, Shijie Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525002431
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author Saizhao Yang
Rui Ma
Jinyu Wen
Shijie Cheng
author_facet Saizhao Yang
Rui Ma
Jinyu Wen
Shijie Cheng
author_sort Saizhao Yang
collection DOAJ
description For grid-forming (GFM) converter-based power grids, the impacts of AC voltage control (ACVC) loops on small-signal synchronization stability are rarely discussed in literature. To present the interactions between the synchronization control loop and the ACVC loop in an intuitive and clear approach, this paper establishes the equivalent circuit model of multi-GFM-converter based power systems, and analyzes the impacts of control loop interactions on small-signal synchronization stability. Firstly, the model of multi-GFM converter-based power grids has been established that incorporates the ACVC loop. Then, for the further visualization of control loop interactions, equivalent circuits of the whole systems are derived by the analogy-based method. This analysis allows us to assess the impacts of the ACVC on small-signal synchronization stability. This paper illustrates that ACVC can be equivalently represented as a negative impedance in parallel with the filter inductor. In this case, the ACVC brings about negative damping effects and deteriorates small-signal synchronization stability. Furthermore, the control parameters of the ACVC on small-signal synchronization stability are also quantitatively evaluated. Additionally, interactions between different GFM converters on small-signal synchronization stability are also investigated. Finally, the modified IEEE 10-GFM-converter 39-bus system is built in MATLAB/Simulink platform to validate analyzes and the proposed method.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-17c2f028a33f4b19b795172cb2f7d20c2025-08-20T01:51:54ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems0142-06152025-07-0116811069210.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110692Equivalent circuit model of grid-forming-converter based power grids: Visualizing control loop interactions on synchronization stabilitySaizhao Yang0Rui Ma1Jinyu Wen2Shijie Cheng3Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600MB, The NetherlandsSchool of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 Shandong Province, China; Corresponding author.School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 Hubei Province, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 Hubei Province, ChinaFor grid-forming (GFM) converter-based power grids, the impacts of AC voltage control (ACVC) loops on small-signal synchronization stability are rarely discussed in literature. To present the interactions between the synchronization control loop and the ACVC loop in an intuitive and clear approach, this paper establishes the equivalent circuit model of multi-GFM-converter based power systems, and analyzes the impacts of control loop interactions on small-signal synchronization stability. Firstly, the model of multi-GFM converter-based power grids has been established that incorporates the ACVC loop. Then, for the further visualization of control loop interactions, equivalent circuits of the whole systems are derived by the analogy-based method. This analysis allows us to assess the impacts of the ACVC on small-signal synchronization stability. This paper illustrates that ACVC can be equivalently represented as a negative impedance in parallel with the filter inductor. In this case, the ACVC brings about negative damping effects and deteriorates small-signal synchronization stability. Furthermore, the control parameters of the ACVC on small-signal synchronization stability are also quantitatively evaluated. Additionally, interactions between different GFM converters on small-signal synchronization stability are also investigated. Finally, the modified IEEE 10-GFM-converter 39-bus system is built in MATLAB/Simulink platform to validate analyzes and the proposed method.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525002431Grid-forming controlSynchronization stabilityEquivalent circuit modelAC voltage controlInteractions
spellingShingle Saizhao Yang
Rui Ma
Jinyu Wen
Shijie Cheng
Equivalent circuit model of grid-forming-converter based power grids: Visualizing control loop interactions on synchronization stability
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
Grid-forming control
Synchronization stability
Equivalent circuit model
AC voltage control
Interactions
title Equivalent circuit model of grid-forming-converter based power grids: Visualizing control loop interactions on synchronization stability
title_full Equivalent circuit model of grid-forming-converter based power grids: Visualizing control loop interactions on synchronization stability
title_fullStr Equivalent circuit model of grid-forming-converter based power grids: Visualizing control loop interactions on synchronization stability
title_full_unstemmed Equivalent circuit model of grid-forming-converter based power grids: Visualizing control loop interactions on synchronization stability
title_short Equivalent circuit model of grid-forming-converter based power grids: Visualizing control loop interactions on synchronization stability
title_sort equivalent circuit model of grid forming converter based power grids visualizing control loop interactions on synchronization stability
topic Grid-forming control
Synchronization stability
Equivalent circuit model
AC voltage control
Interactions
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061525002431
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AT ruima equivalentcircuitmodelofgridformingconverterbasedpowergridsvisualizingcontrolloopinteractionsonsynchronizationstability
AT jinyuwen equivalentcircuitmodelofgridformingconverterbasedpowergridsvisualizingcontrolloopinteractionsonsynchronizationstability
AT shijiecheng equivalentcircuitmodelofgridformingconverterbasedpowergridsvisualizingcontrolloopinteractionsonsynchronizationstability