Molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy of progranulin in metabolic diseases

Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted glycoprotein with cytokine-like properties, exerting tripartite mechanisms of inflammation suppression, tissue repair promotion, and metabolic regulation. This multifaceted functionality positions PGRN as a potential “multi-effect therapeutic strategy” for metabolic...

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Main Authors: Xiaxia Wang, Yonglin Liang, Fan Yang, Yangyang Shi, Ruiwen Shao, Ruge Jing, Tong Yang, Qiao Chu, Dong An, Qi Zhou, Jiayi Song, Haolan Chen, Chun Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1553794/full
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author Xiaxia Wang
Yonglin Liang
Fan Yang
Yangyang Shi
Ruiwen Shao
Ruge Jing
Tong Yang
Qiao Chu
Dong An
Qi Zhou
Jiayi Song
Haolan Chen
Chun Liu
author_facet Xiaxia Wang
Yonglin Liang
Fan Yang
Yangyang Shi
Ruiwen Shao
Ruge Jing
Tong Yang
Qiao Chu
Dong An
Qi Zhou
Jiayi Song
Haolan Chen
Chun Liu
author_sort Xiaxia Wang
collection DOAJ
description Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted glycoprotein with cytokine-like properties, exerting tripartite mechanisms of inflammation suppression, tissue repair promotion, and metabolic regulation. This multifaceted functionality positions PGRN as a potential “multi-effect therapeutic strategy” for metabolic disorders characterised by cartilage degradation and imbalanced bone remodelling, potentially establishing it as a novel therapeutic target for such conditions. Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis, periodontitis, and diabetes-related complications—representing the most prevalent metabolic diseases—currently lack effective treatments due to incomplete understanding of their precise pathogenic mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed that PGRN expression levels are closely associated with the onset and progression of these metabolic disorders. However, the exact regulatory role of PGRN in these diseases remains elusive, partly owing to its tissue-specific actions and context-dependent dual roles (anti-inflammatory vs. pro-inflammatory). In this review, we summarise the structure and functions of PGRN, explore its involvement in neurological disorders, immune-inflammatory diseases, and metabolic conditions, and specifically focus on its molecular mechanisms in metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we consolidate advances in targeting PGRN and the application of its engineered derivative, Atsttrin, in metabolic bone disorders. We also discuss potential unexplored mechanisms through which PGRN may exert influence within this field or other therapeutic domains. Collectively, this work aims to provide a new framework for elucidating PGRN’s role in disease pathogenesis and advancing strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-17a0d47dbd314d4a9aa69e45b53473672025-08-20T03:06:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-04-011610.3389/fendo.2025.15537941553794Molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy of progranulin in metabolic diseasesXiaxia Wang0Yonglin Liang1Fan Yang2Yangyang Shi3Ruiwen Shao4Ruge Jing5Tong Yang6Qiao Chu7Dong An8Qi Zhou9Jiayi Song10Haolan Chen11Chun Liu12School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaTCM Internal Medicine Department, Nanhu Community Health Centre, Pinliang, Gansu, ChinaLibrary, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, ChinaProgranulin (PGRN) is a secreted glycoprotein with cytokine-like properties, exerting tripartite mechanisms of inflammation suppression, tissue repair promotion, and metabolic regulation. This multifaceted functionality positions PGRN as a potential “multi-effect therapeutic strategy” for metabolic disorders characterised by cartilage degradation and imbalanced bone remodelling, potentially establishing it as a novel therapeutic target for such conditions. Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis, periodontitis, and diabetes-related complications—representing the most prevalent metabolic diseases—currently lack effective treatments due to incomplete understanding of their precise pathogenic mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed that PGRN expression levels are closely associated with the onset and progression of these metabolic disorders. However, the exact regulatory role of PGRN in these diseases remains elusive, partly owing to its tissue-specific actions and context-dependent dual roles (anti-inflammatory vs. pro-inflammatory). In this review, we summarise the structure and functions of PGRN, explore its involvement in neurological disorders, immune-inflammatory diseases, and metabolic conditions, and specifically focus on its molecular mechanisms in metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we consolidate advances in targeting PGRN and the application of its engineered derivative, Atsttrin, in metabolic bone disorders. We also discuss potential unexplored mechanisms through which PGRN may exert influence within this field or other therapeutic domains. Collectively, this work aims to provide a new framework for elucidating PGRN’s role in disease pathogenesis and advancing strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1553794/fullPGRNmetabolic diseasesinflammationcartilage repairbone homeostasistargeted therapy
spellingShingle Xiaxia Wang
Yonglin Liang
Fan Yang
Yangyang Shi
Ruiwen Shao
Ruge Jing
Tong Yang
Qiao Chu
Dong An
Qi Zhou
Jiayi Song
Haolan Chen
Chun Liu
Molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy of progranulin in metabolic diseases
Frontiers in Endocrinology
PGRN
metabolic diseases
inflammation
cartilage repair
bone homeostasis
targeted therapy
title Molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy of progranulin in metabolic diseases
title_full Molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy of progranulin in metabolic diseases
title_fullStr Molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy of progranulin in metabolic diseases
title_full_unstemmed Molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy of progranulin in metabolic diseases
title_short Molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy of progranulin in metabolic diseases
title_sort molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy of progranulin in metabolic diseases
topic PGRN
metabolic diseases
inflammation
cartilage repair
bone homeostasis
targeted therapy
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1553794/full
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