Long-term ambient air pollution and the risk of major mental disorder: A prospective cohort study
Abstract Background Despite growing awareness of the mental health damage caused by air pollution, the epidemiologic evidence on impact of air pollutants on major mental disorders (MDs) remains limited. We aim to explore the impact of various air pollutants on the risk of major MD. Methods This...
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Cambridge University Press
2025-01-01
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| Series: | European Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933824018091/type/journal_article |
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| author | Chuyu Pan Bolun Cheng Shiqiang Cheng Li Liu Xuena Yang Peilin Meng Xin Qi Na Zhang Xiaoyue Qin Dan He Wenming Wei Jingni Hui Yan Wen Yumeng Jia Huan Liu Feng Zhang |
| author_facet | Chuyu Pan Bolun Cheng Shiqiang Cheng Li Liu Xuena Yang Peilin Meng Xin Qi Na Zhang Xiaoyue Qin Dan He Wenming Wei Jingni Hui Yan Wen Yumeng Jia Huan Liu Feng Zhang |
| author_sort | Chuyu Pan |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Abstract
Background
Despite growing awareness of the mental health damage caused by air pollution, the epidemiologic evidence on impact of air pollutants on major mental disorders (MDs) remains limited. We aim to explore the impact of various air pollutants on the risk of major MD.
Methods
This prospective study analyzed data from 170 369 participants without depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia at baseline. The concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter > 2.5 μm, and ≤ 10 μm (PM2.5–10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated using land-use regression models. The association between air pollutants and incident MD was investigated by Cox proportional hazard model.
Results
During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 9 004 participants developed MD. Exposure to air pollution in the highest quartile significantly increased the risk of MD compared with the lowest quartile: PM2.5 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09–1.23), NO2 (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.19), and NO (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03–1.17). Subgroup analysis showed that participants with lower income were more likely to experience MD when exposed to air pollution. We also observed joint effects of socioeconomic status or genetic risk with air pollution on the MD risk. For instance, the HR of individuals with the highest genetic risk and highest quartiles of PM2.5 was 1.63 (95% CI: 1.46–1.81) compared to those with the lowest genetic risk and lowest quartiles of PM2.5.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the importance of air pollution control in alleviating the burden of MD.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-179ff515189f4dd2bc69b7b8a537d518 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0924-9338 1778-3585 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj-art-179ff515189f4dd2bc69b7b8a537d5182025-08-20T01:49:27ZengCambridge University PressEuropean Psychiatry0924-93381778-35852025-01-016810.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1809Long-term ambient air pollution and the risk of major mental disorder: A prospective cohort studyChuyu Pan0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2836-0908Bolun Cheng1Shiqiang Cheng2Li Liu3Xuena Yang4Peilin Meng5Xin Qi6Na Zhang7Xiaoyue Qin8Dan He9Wenming Wei10Jingni Hui11Yan Wen12Yumeng Jia13Huan Liu14Feng Zhang15Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaPrecision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, ChinaKey Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China Abstract Background Despite growing awareness of the mental health damage caused by air pollution, the epidemiologic evidence on impact of air pollutants on major mental disorders (MDs) remains limited. We aim to explore the impact of various air pollutants on the risk of major MD. Methods This prospective study analyzed data from 170 369 participants without depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia at baseline. The concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter > 2.5 μm, and ≤ 10 μm (PM2.5–10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated using land-use regression models. The association between air pollutants and incident MD was investigated by Cox proportional hazard model. Results During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 9 004 participants developed MD. Exposure to air pollution in the highest quartile significantly increased the risk of MD compared with the lowest quartile: PM2.5 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09–1.23), NO2 (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.19), and NO (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03–1.17). Subgroup analysis showed that participants with lower income were more likely to experience MD when exposed to air pollution. We also observed joint effects of socioeconomic status or genetic risk with air pollution on the MD risk. For instance, the HR of individuals with the highest genetic risk and highest quartiles of PM2.5 was 1.63 (95% CI: 1.46–1.81) compared to those with the lowest genetic risk and lowest quartiles of PM2.5. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of air pollution control in alleviating the burden of MD. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933824018091/type/journal_articleair pollutiongenetic susceptibilityincomemajor mental disordersocial deprivation |
| spellingShingle | Chuyu Pan Bolun Cheng Shiqiang Cheng Li Liu Xuena Yang Peilin Meng Xin Qi Na Zhang Xiaoyue Qin Dan He Wenming Wei Jingni Hui Yan Wen Yumeng Jia Huan Liu Feng Zhang Long-term ambient air pollution and the risk of major mental disorder: A prospective cohort study European Psychiatry air pollution genetic susceptibility income major mental disorder social deprivation |
| title | Long-term ambient air pollution and the risk of major mental disorder: A prospective cohort study |
| title_full | Long-term ambient air pollution and the risk of major mental disorder: A prospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Long-term ambient air pollution and the risk of major mental disorder: A prospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term ambient air pollution and the risk of major mental disorder: A prospective cohort study |
| title_short | Long-term ambient air pollution and the risk of major mental disorder: A prospective cohort study |
| title_sort | long term ambient air pollution and the risk of major mental disorder a prospective cohort study |
| topic | air pollution genetic susceptibility income major mental disorder social deprivation |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933824018091/type/journal_article |
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