Effects of Biological Characteristics and Environmental Factors on Swimming Performance of Endemic Fish in Southwest China

Swimming is crucial to fish survival and reproduction, and is usually influenced by species, morphology, habitat environment and physiological condition. Understanding the changes in fish swimming ability and identifying the driving factors behind these changes is vital. In this study, seven endemic...

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Main Authors: Jianing Rao, Zhiguang Zhang, Yuanming Wang, Qi Wei, Guoqing Chen, Xintong Li, Ruifeng Liang, Kefeng Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/12/1819
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author Jianing Rao
Zhiguang Zhang
Yuanming Wang
Qi Wei
Guoqing Chen
Xintong Li
Ruifeng Liang
Kefeng Li
author_facet Jianing Rao
Zhiguang Zhang
Yuanming Wang
Qi Wei
Guoqing Chen
Xintong Li
Ruifeng Liang
Kefeng Li
author_sort Jianing Rao
collection DOAJ
description Swimming is crucial to fish survival and reproduction, and is usually influenced by species, morphology, habitat environment and physiological condition. Understanding the changes in fish swimming ability and identifying the driving factors behind these changes is vital. In this study, seven endemic fish species from the Qingshui River, an important tributary of the upper Pearl River in Southwest China, were used to explore the effects of biological and environmental factors on fish swimming ability. The results indicated that the body length parameters had a minimal effect on the induced swimming speed (U<sub>ind</sub>) but played a positive role in critical and burst swimming ability (U<sub>crit</sub> and U<sub>burst</sub>). Weight (W) and W/SL (the ratio of weight to standard body length) correlated more highly with swimming ability than body length parameters. Fish preferring the lotic environment exhibited higher U<sub>crit</sub> and U<sub>burst</sub>, and fish with a streamlined morphology had a smaller U<sub>ind</sub>. The U<sub>ind</sub>, U<sub>ind</sub>/SL, U<sub>ind</sub>/W and U<sub>ind</sub>/(W/SL) of <i>Discogobio yunnanensis</i> (Regan, 1907) and <i>Pseudocrossocheilus tridentis</i> (Cui & Chu, 1986) were significantly higher during the spawning period. <i>Acrossocheilus yunnanensis</i> (Regan, 1904) performed better during the spawning period in U<sub>crit</sub> and U<sub>crit</sub>/SL. The U<sub>burst</sub> of fish during the spawning period was smaller than that during the non-spawning period. Generally, the species difference had the greatest contribution to the swimming ability difference, followed by environmental conditions and fish morphology.
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spelling doaj-art-179330b935aa44ebb8a9d36c5f690d422025-08-20T02:24:34ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-06-011512181910.3390/ani15121819Effects of Biological Characteristics and Environmental Factors on Swimming Performance of Endemic Fish in Southwest ChinaJianing Rao0Zhiguang Zhang1Yuanming Wang2Qi Wei3Guoqing Chen4Xintong Li5Ruifeng Liang6Kefeng Li7State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaBeijing Engineering Corporation Limited, Power Construction Corporation of China, Beijing 100024, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaSichuan Water Development Investigation, Design & Research Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaSwimming is crucial to fish survival and reproduction, and is usually influenced by species, morphology, habitat environment and physiological condition. Understanding the changes in fish swimming ability and identifying the driving factors behind these changes is vital. In this study, seven endemic fish species from the Qingshui River, an important tributary of the upper Pearl River in Southwest China, were used to explore the effects of biological and environmental factors on fish swimming ability. The results indicated that the body length parameters had a minimal effect on the induced swimming speed (U<sub>ind</sub>) but played a positive role in critical and burst swimming ability (U<sub>crit</sub> and U<sub>burst</sub>). Weight (W) and W/SL (the ratio of weight to standard body length) correlated more highly with swimming ability than body length parameters. Fish preferring the lotic environment exhibited higher U<sub>crit</sub> and U<sub>burst</sub>, and fish with a streamlined morphology had a smaller U<sub>ind</sub>. The U<sub>ind</sub>, U<sub>ind</sub>/SL, U<sub>ind</sub>/W and U<sub>ind</sub>/(W/SL) of <i>Discogobio yunnanensis</i> (Regan, 1907) and <i>Pseudocrossocheilus tridentis</i> (Cui & Chu, 1986) were significantly higher during the spawning period. <i>Acrossocheilus yunnanensis</i> (Regan, 1904) performed better during the spawning period in U<sub>crit</sub> and U<sub>crit</sub>/SL. The U<sub>burst</sub> of fish during the spawning period was smaller than that during the non-spawning period. Generally, the species difference had the greatest contribution to the swimming ability difference, followed by environmental conditions and fish morphology.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/12/1819biological characteristicsendemic fishenvironmental factorsswimming performancedriving factors
spellingShingle Jianing Rao
Zhiguang Zhang
Yuanming Wang
Qi Wei
Guoqing Chen
Xintong Li
Ruifeng Liang
Kefeng Li
Effects of Biological Characteristics and Environmental Factors on Swimming Performance of Endemic Fish in Southwest China
Animals
biological characteristics
endemic fish
environmental factors
swimming performance
driving factors
title Effects of Biological Characteristics and Environmental Factors on Swimming Performance of Endemic Fish in Southwest China
title_full Effects of Biological Characteristics and Environmental Factors on Swimming Performance of Endemic Fish in Southwest China
title_fullStr Effects of Biological Characteristics and Environmental Factors on Swimming Performance of Endemic Fish in Southwest China
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Biological Characteristics and Environmental Factors on Swimming Performance of Endemic Fish in Southwest China
title_short Effects of Biological Characteristics and Environmental Factors on Swimming Performance of Endemic Fish in Southwest China
title_sort effects of biological characteristics and environmental factors on swimming performance of endemic fish in southwest china
topic biological characteristics
endemic fish
environmental factors
swimming performance
driving factors
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/12/1819
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