Effects of Pipemidic Acid, Phenazopyridine HCL and Sodium Diclofenac on Pain Perception Following Endoscopic Urological Surgery: Double-blinded Randomized-Controlled Trial

Aim: to evaluate the analgesic effect, the side effects and the safety of analgesics following endoscopic urological procedure. Methods: eighty patients who underwent endoscopic urological surgery at Kardinah Hospital, Tegal from June to July 2015 were divided into four groups. The experimental grou...

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Main Authors: Prahara Yuri, Zulfikar Ali, Nur Rasyid, Ponco Birowo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Interna Publishing 2017-05-01
Series:Acta Medica Indonesiana
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Online Access:https://actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/192
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author Prahara Yuri
Zulfikar Ali
Nur Rasyid
Ponco Birowo
author_facet Prahara Yuri
Zulfikar Ali
Nur Rasyid
Ponco Birowo
author_sort Prahara Yuri
collection DOAJ
description Aim: to evaluate the analgesic effect, the side effects and the safety of analgesics following endoscopic urological procedure. Methods: eighty patients who underwent endoscopic urological surgery at Kardinah Hospital, Tegal from June to July 2015 were divided into four groups. The experimental group was administered analgesic for 4 days pipemidic acid (A) 400 mg bid, or phenazopyridine (B) 200 mg tid, or sodium diclofenac (C) 50 mg bid and the control (D) group was administered placebo tid for 4 days. The analgesic effects were assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Association between variables was assessed using Cramers V and Kruskall Wallis. Results: the endoscopic urological procedures consisted of 30 patients for URS, 6 patients for lithotripsy, 17 patients for TURP, 24 patients for removal JJ stent and 3 patients for cystoscopy. The mean age of group A, B, C and D (control) was 50.1 (13.7), 50.7 (14.8), 49.1 (13.4), and 49.6 (14.3) years, respectively, and follow-up period was 7 days. The VAS score in all experimental groups was less than control group on day 1 to 7 following endoscopic urological procedures (p<0.05). In the experimental group, there was no difference between groups B and C (p>0.05). Group A demonstrated a more favourable analgesic effect than B and C (p<0.05). No serious side effects were detected in any of the cases. Conclusion: we conclude that oral analgesics are effective for pain relief following endoscopic urological surgery. Pipemidic acid was found to have a superior analgesic effect than phenazopyridine HCl and sodium diclofenac.
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spelling doaj-art-1783dbdbafe44bac8b44b846e6eadd3d2025-08-20T03:32:53ZengInterna PublishingActa Medica Indonesiana0125-93262338-27322017-05-01483Effects of Pipemidic Acid, Phenazopyridine HCL and Sodium Diclofenac on Pain Perception Following Endoscopic Urological Surgery: Double-blinded Randomized-Controlled TrialPrahara Yuri0Zulfikar Ali1Nur Rasyid2Ponco Birowo3Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Surgery, Kardinah Hospital, Tegal, Central Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Surgery, Medical Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Surgery, Medical Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaAim: to evaluate the analgesic effect, the side effects and the safety of analgesics following endoscopic urological procedure. Methods: eighty patients who underwent endoscopic urological surgery at Kardinah Hospital, Tegal from June to July 2015 were divided into four groups. The experimental group was administered analgesic for 4 days pipemidic acid (A) 400 mg bid, or phenazopyridine (B) 200 mg tid, or sodium diclofenac (C) 50 mg bid and the control (D) group was administered placebo tid for 4 days. The analgesic effects were assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Association between variables was assessed using Cramers V and Kruskall Wallis. Results: the endoscopic urological procedures consisted of 30 patients for URS, 6 patients for lithotripsy, 17 patients for TURP, 24 patients for removal JJ stent and 3 patients for cystoscopy. The mean age of group A, B, C and D (control) was 50.1 (13.7), 50.7 (14.8), 49.1 (13.4), and 49.6 (14.3) years, respectively, and follow-up period was 7 days. The VAS score in all experimental groups was less than control group on day 1 to 7 following endoscopic urological procedures (p<0.05). In the experimental group, there was no difference between groups B and C (p>0.05). Group A demonstrated a more favourable analgesic effect than B and C (p<0.05). No serious side effects were detected in any of the cases. Conclusion: we conclude that oral analgesics are effective for pain relief following endoscopic urological surgery. Pipemidic acid was found to have a superior analgesic effect than phenazopyridine HCl and sodium diclofenac.https://actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/192Pipemidic acidphenazopyridinesodium diclofenacendoscopic urologyvisual analog scale
spellingShingle Prahara Yuri
Zulfikar Ali
Nur Rasyid
Ponco Birowo
Effects of Pipemidic Acid, Phenazopyridine HCL and Sodium Diclofenac on Pain Perception Following Endoscopic Urological Surgery: Double-blinded Randomized-Controlled Trial
Acta Medica Indonesiana
Pipemidic acid
phenazopyridine
sodium diclofenac
endoscopic urology
visual analog scale
title Effects of Pipemidic Acid, Phenazopyridine HCL and Sodium Diclofenac on Pain Perception Following Endoscopic Urological Surgery: Double-blinded Randomized-Controlled Trial
title_full Effects of Pipemidic Acid, Phenazopyridine HCL and Sodium Diclofenac on Pain Perception Following Endoscopic Urological Surgery: Double-blinded Randomized-Controlled Trial
title_fullStr Effects of Pipemidic Acid, Phenazopyridine HCL and Sodium Diclofenac on Pain Perception Following Endoscopic Urological Surgery: Double-blinded Randomized-Controlled Trial
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Pipemidic Acid, Phenazopyridine HCL and Sodium Diclofenac on Pain Perception Following Endoscopic Urological Surgery: Double-blinded Randomized-Controlled Trial
title_short Effects of Pipemidic Acid, Phenazopyridine HCL and Sodium Diclofenac on Pain Perception Following Endoscopic Urological Surgery: Double-blinded Randomized-Controlled Trial
title_sort effects of pipemidic acid phenazopyridine hcl and sodium diclofenac on pain perception following endoscopic urological surgery double blinded randomized controlled trial
topic Pipemidic acid
phenazopyridine
sodium diclofenac
endoscopic urology
visual analog scale
url https://actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/192
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