Psychological safety and primary care physicians’ well-being, work conditions and guideline adherence behavior: a cross-sectional study in China

Background Health system reform initiatives have generated high-demand and created uncertain, complex practice environments, impacting the well-being, work conditions, and behavior of primary care professionals. Psychological safety is increasingly important to organizational success, particularly i...

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Main Authors: Wenhua Wang, Jinnan Zhang, Rebecca Mitchell, Stephen Nicholas, Elizabeth Maitland, Jiao Lu, Xiaodong Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Global Health Action
Subjects:
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2025.2484096
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author Wenhua Wang
Jinnan Zhang
Rebecca Mitchell
Stephen Nicholas
Elizabeth Maitland
Jiao Lu
Xiaodong Liu
author_facet Wenhua Wang
Jinnan Zhang
Rebecca Mitchell
Stephen Nicholas
Elizabeth Maitland
Jiao Lu
Xiaodong Liu
author_sort Wenhua Wang
collection DOAJ
description Background Health system reform initiatives have generated high-demand and created uncertain, complex practice environments, impacting the well-being, work conditions, and behavior of primary care professionals. Psychological safety is increasingly important to organizational success, particularly in highly complex work environments. Yet, few studies have examined its application among primary care professionals. Objectives To examine the impact of psychological safety on the well-being, work conditions and guideline adherence behavior of primary care physicians (PCPs) in Community Health Centres (CHCs) in urban China. Methods A total of 224 PCPs from 38 CHCs in four Chinese cities were recruited using convenience sampling. Research assistants conducted questionnaire surveys. Well-being was assessed through measures of depression, work-family conflict and work exhaustion, work conditions were defined by measures of professional commitment and self-directed learning, and guideline adherence behavior was measured through compliance with clinical guidelines and the provision of preventive care. Two-level hierarchical linear models were developed to analyze the impact of psychological safety. Results Psychological safety was negatively associated with depression, work-family conflict, and work exhaustion. Psychological safety was positively associated with professional commitment and self-directed learning and also greater adherence to clinical guidelines and the increased provision of preventive care. Conclusions This study in China confirms that a psychologically safe work environment in primary care is positively associated with improved PCPs’ well-being, enhanced professional commitment, and better adherence to clinical guidelines and preventive care provision. Given that psychological safety may be embedded in national culture, further studies should develop context-based, culturally and organizationally appropriate interventions.
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spelling doaj-art-175bbe1d59ef4c7091e44236f18cc42c2025-08-20T03:10:25ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGlobal Health Action1654-98802025-12-0118110.1080/16549716.2025.24840962484096Psychological safety and primary care physicians’ well-being, work conditions and guideline adherence behavior: a cross-sectional study in ChinaWenhua Wang0Jinnan Zhang1Rebecca Mitchell2Stephen Nicholas3Elizabeth Maitland4Jiao Lu5Xiaodong Liu6Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an Jiaotong UniversityMacquarie UniversityThe University of NewcastleUniversity of LiverpoolXi’an Jiaotong UniversityWenzhou Medical UniversityBackground Health system reform initiatives have generated high-demand and created uncertain, complex practice environments, impacting the well-being, work conditions, and behavior of primary care professionals. Psychological safety is increasingly important to organizational success, particularly in highly complex work environments. Yet, few studies have examined its application among primary care professionals. Objectives To examine the impact of psychological safety on the well-being, work conditions and guideline adherence behavior of primary care physicians (PCPs) in Community Health Centres (CHCs) in urban China. Methods A total of 224 PCPs from 38 CHCs in four Chinese cities were recruited using convenience sampling. Research assistants conducted questionnaire surveys. Well-being was assessed through measures of depression, work-family conflict and work exhaustion, work conditions were defined by measures of professional commitment and self-directed learning, and guideline adherence behavior was measured through compliance with clinical guidelines and the provision of preventive care. Two-level hierarchical linear models were developed to analyze the impact of psychological safety. Results Psychological safety was negatively associated with depression, work-family conflict, and work exhaustion. Psychological safety was positively associated with professional commitment and self-directed learning and also greater adherence to clinical guidelines and the increased provision of preventive care. Conclusions This study in China confirms that a psychologically safe work environment in primary care is positively associated with improved PCPs’ well-being, enhanced professional commitment, and better adherence to clinical guidelines and preventive care provision. Given that psychological safety may be embedded in national culture, further studies should develop context-based, culturally and organizationally appropriate interventions.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2025.2484096primary health carepsychological safetyprimary care physiciansguideline adherence behaviorwell-beingwork conditions
spellingShingle Wenhua Wang
Jinnan Zhang
Rebecca Mitchell
Stephen Nicholas
Elizabeth Maitland
Jiao Lu
Xiaodong Liu
Psychological safety and primary care physicians’ well-being, work conditions and guideline adherence behavior: a cross-sectional study in China
Global Health Action
primary health care
psychological safety
primary care physicians
guideline adherence behavior
well-being
work conditions
title Psychological safety and primary care physicians’ well-being, work conditions and guideline adherence behavior: a cross-sectional study in China
title_full Psychological safety and primary care physicians’ well-being, work conditions and guideline adherence behavior: a cross-sectional study in China
title_fullStr Psychological safety and primary care physicians’ well-being, work conditions and guideline adherence behavior: a cross-sectional study in China
title_full_unstemmed Psychological safety and primary care physicians’ well-being, work conditions and guideline adherence behavior: a cross-sectional study in China
title_short Psychological safety and primary care physicians’ well-being, work conditions and guideline adherence behavior: a cross-sectional study in China
title_sort psychological safety and primary care physicians well being work conditions and guideline adherence behavior a cross sectional study in china
topic primary health care
psychological safety
primary care physicians
guideline adherence behavior
well-being
work conditions
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2025.2484096
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