An analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook-off conditions
Abstract An analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook-off conditions was established based on the superposition principle and Sturm–Liouville method. The analytical model can quickly and accurately calculate the temperature distribution and ignition location under slow cook-off condit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06491-y |
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| author | Ji Duan Xiao Yang Shaobo Fan Yaxin Ji Min Li Xiaokun Zhi |
| author_facet | Ji Duan Xiao Yang Shaobo Fan Yaxin Ji Min Li Xiaokun Zhi |
| author_sort | Ji Duan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract An analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook-off conditions was established based on the superposition principle and Sturm–Liouville method. The analytical model can quickly and accurately calculate the temperature distribution and ignition location under slow cook-off conditions. The analytical model enables deep probing of the physicochemical mechanisms and complex couplings underlying the thermal ignition of explosives. To validate the analytical model, a slow cook-off experiment was designed and conducted. The calculated normalized axial temperature distribution using the analytical model was compared with the experiment results. The two sets of data were consistent with each other. The finite difference method was used to compute the slow cook-off process and yielded a maximal error of 1% between analytical and numerical results. The comparison results verified the correctness of the model. The results of the analytical model indicate that the temperature increase due to the thermal decomposition of RDX accounted for only 0.2% of the overall temperature at ignition. The ignition locations are related to the length to diameter ratio of the charge. As the length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio of the charge increases, the ignition locations gradually move towards both ends. When L/D ≥ 5.22, the ignition locations are near the thermal boundary. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-174fcfc9d325468fa45dd45c9431d5c9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-174fcfc9d325468fa45dd45c9431d5c92025-08-20T03:45:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-06491-yAn analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook-off conditionsJi Duan0Xiao Yang1Shaobo Fan2Yaxin Ji3Min Li4Xiaokun Zhi5School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of ChinaNorth Industries Group co., LTDJilin Jiangji Special Industry Co., LTDJinxi Industrial Group Co., LTDJinxi Industrial Group Co., LTDAbstract An analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook-off conditions was established based on the superposition principle and Sturm–Liouville method. The analytical model can quickly and accurately calculate the temperature distribution and ignition location under slow cook-off conditions. The analytical model enables deep probing of the physicochemical mechanisms and complex couplings underlying the thermal ignition of explosives. To validate the analytical model, a slow cook-off experiment was designed and conducted. The calculated normalized axial temperature distribution using the analytical model was compared with the experiment results. The two sets of data were consistent with each other. The finite difference method was used to compute the slow cook-off process and yielded a maximal error of 1% between analytical and numerical results. The comparison results verified the correctness of the model. The results of the analytical model indicate that the temperature increase due to the thermal decomposition of RDX accounted for only 0.2% of the overall temperature at ignition. The ignition locations are related to the length to diameter ratio of the charge. As the length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio of the charge increases, the ignition locations gradually move towards both ends. When L/D ≥ 5.22, the ignition locations are near the thermal boundary.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06491-ySuperposition principleSturm–LiouvilleCook-offIgnition locationTemperature distribution |
| spellingShingle | Ji Duan Xiao Yang Shaobo Fan Yaxin Ji Min Li Xiaokun Zhi An analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook-off conditions Scientific Reports Superposition principle Sturm–Liouville Cook-off Ignition location Temperature distribution |
| title | An analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook-off conditions |
| title_full | An analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook-off conditions |
| title_fullStr | An analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook-off conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | An analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook-off conditions |
| title_short | An analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook-off conditions |
| title_sort | analytical model of condensed explosives under slow cook off conditions |
| topic | Superposition principle Sturm–Liouville Cook-off Ignition location Temperature distribution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06491-y |
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