Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in Workers and Residents of Nursing Homes in Geneva: A Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Study
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of varying levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 transmission in nursing homes during the first wave of the pandemic. Background/Objectives: The primary aim involved exploring qualitative insights from staff and management...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Lakshmi Krishna Menon Ania Wisniak Simon Regard Silvia Stringhini Idris Guessous Jean-François Balavoine Omar Kherad The SEROCoV-WORK + Study Group |
| author_facet | Lakshmi Krishna Menon Ania Wisniak Simon Regard Silvia Stringhini Idris Guessous Jean-François Balavoine Omar Kherad The SEROCoV-WORK + Study Group |
| author_sort | Lakshmi Krishna Menon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this study was to examine the impact of varying levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 transmission in nursing homes during the first wave of the pandemic. Background/Objectives: The primary aim involved exploring qualitative insights from staff and management regarding the implementation of NPIs. The secondary aim was to determine the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases among residents. Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were the calculated levels of NPI restrictiveness. Methods: We used a mixed methodology to identify factors that might have affected COVID-19 expansion in nursing homes in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. For the qualitative component, we interviewed the Attending Physicians and/or Director of each nursing home. In the quantitative component, we calculated incident rate ratios (IRRs) for infection between the three levels of COVID-19-related measures taken in these nursing homes, and the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases in their resident population. This study was conducted in 12 nursing homes located in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, between 1 March 2020, and 1 June 2020. Results: Most nursing homes mandated NPIs for their staff and residents during the first wave of COVID-19. We found an equal distribution of maximally (<i>n</i> = 4), moderately (<i>n</i> = 4), and minimally (<i>n</i> = 4) restrictive NPIs for nursing home workers and residents. The extent of NPIs implemented was not shown to be significantly associated with the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases among residents (maximally restrictive IRR = 3.90, 95%CI 0.82–45.54, <i>p</i> = 0.184; moderately restrictive IRR = 3.55, 95%CI 0.75–41.42, <i>p</i> = 0.212; minimally restrictive IRR = reference). Conclusions: Nursing homes in our study showed high variability in which NPIs, and to what extent, they implemented, with no significant relationship between the restrictiveness of NPIs and COVID-19 incidence among nursing home residents. This suggests that other factors influence the transmission of COVID-19 in these settings. Future research should explore additional determinants and the balance between strict NPIs and the overall well-being of residents. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-174e8d49dea84aabaabe914d72a35837 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-3986 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Epidemiologia |
| spelling | doaj-art-174e8d49dea84aabaabe914d72a358372025-08-20T02:11:13ZengMDPI AGEpidemiologia2673-39862025-03-01611410.3390/epidemiologia6010014Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in Workers and Residents of Nursing Homes in Geneva: A Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative StudyLakshmi Krishna Menon0Ania Wisniak1Simon Regard2Silvia Stringhini3Idris Guessous4Jean-François Balavoine5Omar Kherad6The SEROCoV-WORK + Study GroupUnit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, SwitzerlandUnit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, SwitzerlandDepartment of Security, Population and Health, General Health Directorate, Canton of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandUnit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, SwitzerlandDepartment of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, SwitzerlandDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, SwitzerlandDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, SwitzerlandThe objective of this study was to examine the impact of varying levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 transmission in nursing homes during the first wave of the pandemic. Background/Objectives: The primary aim involved exploring qualitative insights from staff and management regarding the implementation of NPIs. The secondary aim was to determine the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases among residents. Incident rate ratios (IRRs) were the calculated levels of NPI restrictiveness. Methods: We used a mixed methodology to identify factors that might have affected COVID-19 expansion in nursing homes in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. For the qualitative component, we interviewed the Attending Physicians and/or Director of each nursing home. In the quantitative component, we calculated incident rate ratios (IRRs) for infection between the three levels of COVID-19-related measures taken in these nursing homes, and the cumulative incidence of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases in their resident population. This study was conducted in 12 nursing homes located in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, between 1 March 2020, and 1 June 2020. Results: Most nursing homes mandated NPIs for their staff and residents during the first wave of COVID-19. We found an equal distribution of maximally (<i>n</i> = 4), moderately (<i>n</i> = 4), and minimally (<i>n</i> = 4) restrictive NPIs for nursing home workers and residents. The extent of NPIs implemented was not shown to be significantly associated with the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases among residents (maximally restrictive IRR = 3.90, 95%CI 0.82–45.54, <i>p</i> = 0.184; moderately restrictive IRR = 3.55, 95%CI 0.75–41.42, <i>p</i> = 0.212; minimally restrictive IRR = reference). Conclusions: Nursing homes in our study showed high variability in which NPIs, and to what extent, they implemented, with no significant relationship between the restrictiveness of NPIs and COVID-19 incidence among nursing home residents. This suggests that other factors influence the transmission of COVID-19 in these settings. Future research should explore additional determinants and the balance between strict NPIs and the overall well-being of residents.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/6/1/14non-pharmaceutical interventionsCOVID-19nursing homeslong-term careGenevainfection control |
| spellingShingle | Lakshmi Krishna Menon Ania Wisniak Simon Regard Silvia Stringhini Idris Guessous Jean-François Balavoine Omar Kherad The SEROCoV-WORK + Study Group Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in Workers and Residents of Nursing Homes in Geneva: A Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Study Epidemiologia non-pharmaceutical interventions COVID-19 nursing homes long-term care Geneva infection control |
| title | Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in Workers and Residents of Nursing Homes in Geneva: A Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Study |
| title_full | Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in Workers and Residents of Nursing Homes in Geneva: A Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Study |
| title_fullStr | Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in Workers and Residents of Nursing Homes in Geneva: A Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in Workers and Residents of Nursing Homes in Geneva: A Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Study |
| title_short | Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in Workers and Residents of Nursing Homes in Geneva: A Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Study |
| title_sort | non pharmaceutical interventions on covid 19 in workers and residents of nursing homes in geneva a mixed qualitative and quantitative study |
| topic | non-pharmaceutical interventions COVID-19 nursing homes long-term care Geneva infection control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/6/1/14 |
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