Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broilers in Brazil: Surveillance and Persistence of Vaccine Viruses

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses a significant threat to poultry worldwide, necessitating robust surveillance and vaccination strategies. This study aimed to conduct IBV surveillance in Brazil, assess potential vaccine viral escapes, and evaluate vaccine persistence in vaccinated broilers. A...

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Main Authors: Gleidson Biasi Carvalho Salles, Giulia Von Tönnemann Pilati, Beatriz Pereira Savi, Mariane Dahmer, Eduardo Correa Muniz, Josias Rodrigo Vogt, Antonio José de Lima Neto, Gislaine Fongaro
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/521
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author Gleidson Biasi Carvalho Salles
Giulia Von Tönnemann Pilati
Beatriz Pereira Savi
Mariane Dahmer
Eduardo Correa Muniz
Josias Rodrigo Vogt
Antonio José de Lima Neto
Gislaine Fongaro
author_facet Gleidson Biasi Carvalho Salles
Giulia Von Tönnemann Pilati
Beatriz Pereira Savi
Mariane Dahmer
Eduardo Correa Muniz
Josias Rodrigo Vogt
Antonio José de Lima Neto
Gislaine Fongaro
author_sort Gleidson Biasi Carvalho Salles
collection DOAJ
description Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses a significant threat to poultry worldwide, necessitating robust surveillance and vaccination strategies. This study aimed to conduct IBV surveillance in Brazil, assess potential vaccine viral escapes, and evaluate vaccine persistence in vaccinated broilers. A total of 1000 tracheal swabs from 100 flocks across six states were analyzed using RT-PCR. The results showed that 91% of the flocks tested positive for IBV. The detected strains included GI-1, GI-11, and GI-23. Notably, 90% of batches received vaccines containing either GI-1 or GI-11 lineages. The study revealed vaccine persistence in 67 samples between days 16 and 32 post-vaccination. In contrast, unvaccinated batches had a high prevalence of IBV GI-11 strains (70%). These findings highlight widespread IBV circulation in Brazil with persistent viral presence in vaccinated birds and wild viruses in unvaccinated ones. Collectively, the data reveal a widespread presence of IBV in Brazil, characterized by prolonged viral persistence in vaccinated animals and the occurrence of wild viruses in both unvaccinated birds and those vaccinated against specific strains. It can be concluded from this study that there was a widespread occurrence of IBV in Brazil, providing long viral persistence in vaccinated animals, as well as the occurrence of wild virus in unvaccinated birds or birds vaccinated against individual strains.
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spelling doaj-art-17471e9567f84c61b7d1ae8eea3ee9802025-08-20T02:10:24ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-02-0113352110.3390/microorganisms13030521Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broilers in Brazil: Surveillance and Persistence of Vaccine VirusesGleidson Biasi Carvalho Salles0Giulia Von Tönnemann Pilati1Beatriz Pereira Savi2Mariane Dahmer3Eduardo Correa Muniz4Josias Rodrigo Vogt5Antonio José de Lima Neto6Gislaine Fongaro7Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, BrazilLaboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, BrazilLaboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, BrazilLaboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, BrazilZoetis Industry of Veterinary Products LTDA, São Paulo 04709-111, SP, BrazilZoetis Industry of Veterinary Products LTDA, São Paulo 04709-111, SP, BrazilZoetis Industry of Veterinary Products LTDA, São Paulo 04709-111, SP, BrazilLaboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, BrazilInfectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses a significant threat to poultry worldwide, necessitating robust surveillance and vaccination strategies. This study aimed to conduct IBV surveillance in Brazil, assess potential vaccine viral escapes, and evaluate vaccine persistence in vaccinated broilers. A total of 1000 tracheal swabs from 100 flocks across six states were analyzed using RT-PCR. The results showed that 91% of the flocks tested positive for IBV. The detected strains included GI-1, GI-11, and GI-23. Notably, 90% of batches received vaccines containing either GI-1 or GI-11 lineages. The study revealed vaccine persistence in 67 samples between days 16 and 32 post-vaccination. In contrast, unvaccinated batches had a high prevalence of IBV GI-11 strains (70%). These findings highlight widespread IBV circulation in Brazil with persistent viral presence in vaccinated birds and wild viruses in unvaccinated ones. Collectively, the data reveal a widespread presence of IBV in Brazil, characterized by prolonged viral persistence in vaccinated animals and the occurrence of wild viruses in both unvaccinated birds and those vaccinated against specific strains. It can be concluded from this study that there was a widespread occurrence of IBV in Brazil, providing long viral persistence in vaccinated animals, as well as the occurrence of wild virus in unvaccinated birds or birds vaccinated against individual strains.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/521infectious bronchitis virusvaccine viral escapesvaccinationemerging variant strainspoultry
spellingShingle Gleidson Biasi Carvalho Salles
Giulia Von Tönnemann Pilati
Beatriz Pereira Savi
Mariane Dahmer
Eduardo Correa Muniz
Josias Rodrigo Vogt
Antonio José de Lima Neto
Gislaine Fongaro
Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broilers in Brazil: Surveillance and Persistence of Vaccine Viruses
Microorganisms
infectious bronchitis virus
vaccine viral escapes
vaccination
emerging variant strains
poultry
title Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broilers in Brazil: Surveillance and Persistence of Vaccine Viruses
title_full Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broilers in Brazil: Surveillance and Persistence of Vaccine Viruses
title_fullStr Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broilers in Brazil: Surveillance and Persistence of Vaccine Viruses
title_full_unstemmed Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broilers in Brazil: Surveillance and Persistence of Vaccine Viruses
title_short Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Broilers in Brazil: Surveillance and Persistence of Vaccine Viruses
title_sort infectious bronchitis virus ibv in vaccinated and non vaccinated broilers in brazil surveillance and persistence of vaccine viruses
topic infectious bronchitis virus
vaccine viral escapes
vaccination
emerging variant strains
poultry
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/3/521
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