Bermudagrass Management in the Southern Piedmont U.S. IV. Soil Surface Nitrogen Pools
The fate of nitrogen (N) applied in forage-based agricultural systems is important for understanding the long-term production and environmental impacts of a particular management strategy. We evaluated the factorial combination of three types of N fertilization (inorganic, crimson clover [Trifolium...
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Wiley
2001-01-01
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| Series: | The Scientific World Journal |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.89 |
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| author | Alan J. Franzluebbers John A. Stuedemann |
| author_facet | Alan J. Franzluebbers John A. Stuedemann |
| author_sort | Alan J. Franzluebbers |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fate of nitrogen (N) applied in forage-based agricultural systems is important for understanding the long-term production and environmental impacts of a particular management strategy. We evaluated the factorial combination of three types of N fertilization (inorganic, crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.] cover crop plus inorganic, and chicken [Gallus gallus] broiler litter pressure and four types of harvest strategy (unharvested forage, low and high cattle [Bos Taurus] grazing pressure, and monthly haying in summer) on surface residue and soil N pools during the first 5 years of ̒Coastal̓ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) management. The type of N fertilization used resulted in small changes in soil N pools, except at a depth of 0 to 2 cm, where total soil N was sequestered at a rate 0.2 g ‧ kg–1‧ year–11 greater with inorganic fertilization than with other fertilization strategies. We could account for more of the applied N under grazed systems (76–82%) than under ungrazed systems (35–71%). As a percentage of applied N, 32 and 48% were sequestered as total soil N at a depth of 0 to 6 cm when averaged across fertilization strategies under low and high grazing pressures, respectively, which was equivalent to 6.8 and 10.3 g ‧ m–2 ‧ year–1. Sequestration rates of total soil N under the unharvested-forage and haying strategies were negligible. Most of the increase in total soil N was at a depth of 0 to 2 cm and was due to changes in the particulate organic N (PON) pool. The greater cycling of applied N into the soil organic N pool with grazed compared with ungrazed systems suggests an increase in the long-term fertility of soil. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1730587a15484afdb10326a8ca426700 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1537-744X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2001-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | The Scientific World Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-1730587a15484afdb10326a8ca4267002025-02-03T05:45:37ZengWileyThe Scientific World Journal1537-744X2001-01-01167368110.1100/tsw.2001.89Bermudagrass Management in the Southern Piedmont U.S. IV. Soil Surface Nitrogen PoolsAlan J. Franzluebbers0John A. Stuedemann1U.S Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Natural Resource Conservation Center, Watkinsville, GA 30677-2373, USAU.S Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Natural Resource Conservation Center, Watkinsville, GA 30677-2373, USAThe fate of nitrogen (N) applied in forage-based agricultural systems is important for understanding the long-term production and environmental impacts of a particular management strategy. We evaluated the factorial combination of three types of N fertilization (inorganic, crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.] cover crop plus inorganic, and chicken [Gallus gallus] broiler litter pressure and four types of harvest strategy (unharvested forage, low and high cattle [Bos Taurus] grazing pressure, and monthly haying in summer) on surface residue and soil N pools during the first 5 years of ̒Coastal̓ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) management. The type of N fertilization used resulted in small changes in soil N pools, except at a depth of 0 to 2 cm, where total soil N was sequestered at a rate 0.2 g ‧ kg–1‧ year–11 greater with inorganic fertilization than with other fertilization strategies. We could account for more of the applied N under grazed systems (76–82%) than under ungrazed systems (35–71%). As a percentage of applied N, 32 and 48% were sequestered as total soil N at a depth of 0 to 6 cm when averaged across fertilization strategies under low and high grazing pressures, respectively, which was equivalent to 6.8 and 10.3 g ‧ m–2 ‧ year–1. Sequestration rates of total soil N under the unharvested-forage and haying strategies were negligible. Most of the increase in total soil N was at a depth of 0 to 2 cm and was due to changes in the particulate organic N (PON) pool. The greater cycling of applied N into the soil organic N pool with grazed compared with ungrazed systems suggests an increase in the long-term fertility of soil.http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.89 |
| spellingShingle | Alan J. Franzluebbers John A. Stuedemann Bermudagrass Management in the Southern Piedmont U.S. IV. Soil Surface Nitrogen Pools The Scientific World Journal |
| title | Bermudagrass Management in the Southern Piedmont U.S. IV. Soil Surface Nitrogen Pools |
| title_full | Bermudagrass Management in the Southern Piedmont U.S. IV. Soil Surface Nitrogen Pools |
| title_fullStr | Bermudagrass Management in the Southern Piedmont U.S. IV. Soil Surface Nitrogen Pools |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bermudagrass Management in the Southern Piedmont U.S. IV. Soil Surface Nitrogen Pools |
| title_short | Bermudagrass Management in the Southern Piedmont U.S. IV. Soil Surface Nitrogen Pools |
| title_sort | bermudagrass management in the southern piedmont u s iv soil surface nitrogen pools |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.89 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alanjfranzluebbers bermudagrassmanagementinthesouthernpiedmontusivsoilsurfacenitrogenpools AT johnastuedemann bermudagrassmanagementinthesouthernpiedmontusivsoilsurfacenitrogenpools |