Exploring the use of low-cost simulation in nursing education: a scoping review

Objectives This scoping review aims to assess low-cost simulation methods used in nursing education, evaluating how they balance educational effectiveness with budget constraints.Design Scoping review conducted in accordance with Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework and Preferred Reporting...

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Main Authors: Pasquale Iozzo, Laura Rasero, Yari Longobucco, Khadija El Aoufy, Paolo Iovino, Camilla Elena Magi, Stefano Bambi, Duccio Frangi, Yari Bardacci, Carla Amato, Chiara Balestri, Carolina Forciniti, Alberto Lucchini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-07-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e099968.full
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author Pasquale Iozzo
Laura Rasero
Yari Longobucco
Khadija El Aoufy
Paolo Iovino
Camilla Elena Magi
Stefano Bambi
Duccio Frangi
Yari Bardacci
Carla Amato
Chiara Balestri
Carolina Forciniti
Alberto Lucchini
author_facet Pasquale Iozzo
Laura Rasero
Yari Longobucco
Khadija El Aoufy
Paolo Iovino
Camilla Elena Magi
Stefano Bambi
Duccio Frangi
Yari Bardacci
Carla Amato
Chiara Balestri
Carolina Forciniti
Alberto Lucchini
author_sort Pasquale Iozzo
collection DOAJ
description Objectives This scoping review aims to assess low-cost simulation methods used in nursing education, evaluating how they balance educational effectiveness with budget constraints.Design Scoping review conducted in accordance with Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines.Data sources PubMed, Embase and CINAHL were systematically searched for relevant studies published between January 2000 and October 2023.Eligibility criteria We included peer-reviewed primary studies involving nurses or nursing students, focused on the use of low-cost simulation in any healthcare setting. Studies had to describe the simulation strategy and its educational application.Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts and extracted data using a standardised form. Findings were synthesised narratively and categorised by type of simulation, educational context and competencies addressed.Results Out of 3332 records, 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies covered various clinical areas, including critical care, emergency, neonatal, paediatric and obstetric nursing, as well as transversal competencies such as communication and clinical reasoning. Low-cost methods included task trainers, mannequins, computer-based tools, hybrid models and serious games. Only 38% of studies reported detailed cost information.Conclusions Low-cost simulation offers promising opportunities in nursing education but suffers from inconsistent cost reporting and a lack of standardisation. Further research is needed to evaluate its long-term effectiveness and support broader implementation.
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spelling doaj-art-172e8d0bcb804217988daf1ea8413a4f2025-08-20T03:25:02ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-07-0115710.1136/bmjopen-2025-099968Exploring the use of low-cost simulation in nursing education: a scoping reviewPasquale Iozzo0Laura Rasero1Yari Longobucco2Khadija El Aoufy3Paolo Iovino4Camilla Elena Magi5Stefano Bambi6Duccio Frangi7Yari Bardacci8Carla Amato9Chiara Balestri10Carolina Forciniti11Alberto Lucchini12Department of Emergency, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyIntensive Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Emergency, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyMedical and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Emergency - General ICU, ASST di Monza, Monza, ItalyObjectives This scoping review aims to assess low-cost simulation methods used in nursing education, evaluating how they balance educational effectiveness with budget constraints.Design Scoping review conducted in accordance with Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines.Data sources PubMed, Embase and CINAHL were systematically searched for relevant studies published between January 2000 and October 2023.Eligibility criteria We included peer-reviewed primary studies involving nurses or nursing students, focused on the use of low-cost simulation in any healthcare setting. Studies had to describe the simulation strategy and its educational application.Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts and extracted data using a standardised form. Findings were synthesised narratively and categorised by type of simulation, educational context and competencies addressed.Results Out of 3332 records, 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies covered various clinical areas, including critical care, emergency, neonatal, paediatric and obstetric nursing, as well as transversal competencies such as communication and clinical reasoning. Low-cost methods included task trainers, mannequins, computer-based tools, hybrid models and serious games. Only 38% of studies reported detailed cost information.Conclusions Low-cost simulation offers promising opportunities in nursing education but suffers from inconsistent cost reporting and a lack of standardisation. Further research is needed to evaluate its long-term effectiveness and support broader implementation.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e099968.full
spellingShingle Pasquale Iozzo
Laura Rasero
Yari Longobucco
Khadija El Aoufy
Paolo Iovino
Camilla Elena Magi
Stefano Bambi
Duccio Frangi
Yari Bardacci
Carla Amato
Chiara Balestri
Carolina Forciniti
Alberto Lucchini
Exploring the use of low-cost simulation in nursing education: a scoping review
BMJ Open
title Exploring the use of low-cost simulation in nursing education: a scoping review
title_full Exploring the use of low-cost simulation in nursing education: a scoping review
title_fullStr Exploring the use of low-cost simulation in nursing education: a scoping review
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the use of low-cost simulation in nursing education: a scoping review
title_short Exploring the use of low-cost simulation in nursing education: a scoping review
title_sort exploring the use of low cost simulation in nursing education a scoping review
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e099968.full
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