Comparison of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding and Underwater Visual Census for Assessing Macrobenthic Diversity

The rapid advancement of environmental DNA (eDNA) technology has transformed ecological research, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. However, the optimal sampling matrix (e.g., water or sediment) and the potential for eDNA to replace or complement traditional underwater visual census (UVC) remain u...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zifeng Zhan, Weiwei Huo, Shangwei Xie, Wandong Chen, Xinming Liu, Kuidong Xu, Yanli Lei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/821
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849418597482364928
author Zifeng Zhan
Weiwei Huo
Shangwei Xie
Wandong Chen
Xinming Liu
Kuidong Xu
Yanli Lei
author_facet Zifeng Zhan
Weiwei Huo
Shangwei Xie
Wandong Chen
Xinming Liu
Kuidong Xu
Yanli Lei
author_sort Zifeng Zhan
collection DOAJ
description The rapid advancement of environmental DNA (eDNA) technology has transformed ecological research, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. However, the optimal sampling matrix (e.g., water or sediment) and the potential for eDNA to replace or complement traditional underwater visual census (UVC) remain unclear. Here, we integrate water eDNA, sediment eDNA, and UVC approaches to systematically compare the diversity of benthic macrofauna in the subtidal zones of the Nanji Islands, China. Our results show that sediment eDNA samples exhibited the highest species richness, while UVC had the lowest. Each method revealed distinct species profiles, with relatively few shared taxa at the order level and below. Environmental eDNA showed significant advantages in detecting key phyla such as Annelida and Arthropoda. In contrast, traditional UVC was crucial for identifying certain taxa, such as Bryozoa, which were undetectable by eDNA methods. The low overlap in species detected by these methods underscores their complementary nature, highlighting the necessity of integrating multiple approaches to achieve a more comprehensive and accurate biodiversity assessment. Future research should focus on refining eDNA techniques, such as developing more universal primers, to further enhance their applicability in biodiversity monitoring.
format Article
id doaj-art-171fed76310e4c6690e7c168eb6fcdb2
institution Kabale University
issn 2079-7737
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Biology
spelling doaj-art-171fed76310e4c6690e7c168eb6fcdb22025-08-20T03:32:24ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-07-0114782110.3390/biology14070821Comparison of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding and Underwater Visual Census for Assessing Macrobenthic DiversityZifeng Zhan0Weiwei Huo1Shangwei Xie2Wandong Chen3Xinming Liu4Kuidong Xu5Yanli Lei6Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaLaboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaNanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve Administration, Wenzhou 325400, ChinaNanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve Administration, Wenzhou 325400, ChinaInstitutes of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, ChinaLaboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaLaboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaThe rapid advancement of environmental DNA (eDNA) technology has transformed ecological research, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. However, the optimal sampling matrix (e.g., water or sediment) and the potential for eDNA to replace or complement traditional underwater visual census (UVC) remain unclear. Here, we integrate water eDNA, sediment eDNA, and UVC approaches to systematically compare the diversity of benthic macrofauna in the subtidal zones of the Nanji Islands, China. Our results show that sediment eDNA samples exhibited the highest species richness, while UVC had the lowest. Each method revealed distinct species profiles, with relatively few shared taxa at the order level and below. Environmental eDNA showed significant advantages in detecting key phyla such as Annelida and Arthropoda. In contrast, traditional UVC was crucial for identifying certain taxa, such as Bryozoa, which were undetectable by eDNA methods. The low overlap in species detected by these methods underscores their complementary nature, highlighting the necessity of integrating multiple approaches to achieve a more comprehensive and accurate biodiversity assessment. Future research should focus on refining eDNA techniques, such as developing more universal primers, to further enhance their applicability in biodiversity monitoring.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/821eDNAspecies detection efficiencymarine protected areasubtidal zonebiodiversity assessment
spellingShingle Zifeng Zhan
Weiwei Huo
Shangwei Xie
Wandong Chen
Xinming Liu
Kuidong Xu
Yanli Lei
Comparison of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding and Underwater Visual Census for Assessing Macrobenthic Diversity
Biology
eDNA
species detection efficiency
marine protected area
subtidal zone
biodiversity assessment
title Comparison of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding and Underwater Visual Census for Assessing Macrobenthic Diversity
title_full Comparison of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding and Underwater Visual Census for Assessing Macrobenthic Diversity
title_fullStr Comparison of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding and Underwater Visual Census for Assessing Macrobenthic Diversity
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding and Underwater Visual Census for Assessing Macrobenthic Diversity
title_short Comparison of Environmental DNA Metabarcoding and Underwater Visual Census for Assessing Macrobenthic Diversity
title_sort comparison of environmental dna metabarcoding and underwater visual census for assessing macrobenthic diversity
topic eDNA
species detection efficiency
marine protected area
subtidal zone
biodiversity assessment
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/821
work_keys_str_mv AT zifengzhan comparisonofenvironmentaldnametabarcodingandunderwatervisualcensusforassessingmacrobenthicdiversity
AT weiweihuo comparisonofenvironmentaldnametabarcodingandunderwatervisualcensusforassessingmacrobenthicdiversity
AT shangweixie comparisonofenvironmentaldnametabarcodingandunderwatervisualcensusforassessingmacrobenthicdiversity
AT wandongchen comparisonofenvironmentaldnametabarcodingandunderwatervisualcensusforassessingmacrobenthicdiversity
AT xinmingliu comparisonofenvironmentaldnametabarcodingandunderwatervisualcensusforassessingmacrobenthicdiversity
AT kuidongxu comparisonofenvironmentaldnametabarcodingandunderwatervisualcensusforassessingmacrobenthicdiversity
AT yanlilei comparisonofenvironmentaldnametabarcodingandunderwatervisualcensusforassessingmacrobenthicdiversity