A 28 GHz Phased-Array Transmitter Based on Doherty Spatial Combining Technique With a Local Sub-Sampling PLL
This paper presents a 28 GHz integrated phased-array transmitter, utilizing an over-the-air (OTA) combining technique for power efficiency boosting and a local oscillator (LO) phase shifting. Efficiency boosting is achieved by decomposing the baseband signal into two streams, one with a reduced peak...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10979290/ |
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| author | Itamar Melamed Avraham Sayag Emanuel Cohen |
| author_facet | Itamar Melamed Avraham Sayag Emanuel Cohen |
| author_sort | Itamar Melamed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a 28 GHz integrated phased-array transmitter, utilizing an over-the-air (OTA) combining technique for power efficiency boosting and a local oscillator (LO) phase shifting. Efficiency boosting is achieved by decomposing the baseband signal into two streams, one with a reduced peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and the other consisting of the low-occurrence peak residuals. Compared to uniformly excited linear phased array (UELA), the efficiency improvement is by 40<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The two streams are up-converted and transmitted through the radio-frequency (RF) chains, each optimized for the corresponding output power, and recombined OTA to reconstruct the original signal. Each chain contains a power-optimized sub-sampling phase-locked loop (SSPLL) that accounts for the phase shift and achieves a better than 1<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> phase resolution. We implemented the four TX chains on a standard 65 nm bulk-CMOS process, achieving a system efficiency of 7.6<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> at 21 dBm equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP), with an error vector magnitude (EVM) of −31 dB. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-170af20b21864f16b0628d9769cbe4bd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2692-8388 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| series | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
| spelling | doaj-art-170af20b21864f16b0628d9769cbe4bd2025-08-20T02:15:20ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Microwaves2692-83882025-01-015368770110.1109/JMW.2025.356022610979290A 28 GHz Phased-Array Transmitter Based on Doherty Spatial Combining Technique With a Local Sub-Sampling PLLItamar Melamed0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6196-205XAvraham Sayag1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5887-8989Emanuel Cohen2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-0951Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, IsraelThis paper presents a 28 GHz integrated phased-array transmitter, utilizing an over-the-air (OTA) combining technique for power efficiency boosting and a local oscillator (LO) phase shifting. Efficiency boosting is achieved by decomposing the baseband signal into two streams, one with a reduced peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and the other consisting of the low-occurrence peak residuals. Compared to uniformly excited linear phased array (UELA), the efficiency improvement is by 40<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The two streams are up-converted and transmitted through the radio-frequency (RF) chains, each optimized for the corresponding output power, and recombined OTA to reconstruct the original signal. Each chain contains a power-optimized sub-sampling phase-locked loop (SSPLL) that accounts for the phase shift and achieves a better than 1<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> phase resolution. We implemented the four TX chains on a standard 65 nm bulk-CMOS process, achieving a system efficiency of 7.6<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> at 21 dBm equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP), with an error vector magnitude (EVM) of −31 dB.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10979290/CMOS5Gmm-wavephased-arraybeamforminglow-power |
| spellingShingle | Itamar Melamed Avraham Sayag Emanuel Cohen A 28 GHz Phased-Array Transmitter Based on Doherty Spatial Combining Technique With a Local Sub-Sampling PLL IEEE Journal of Microwaves CMOS 5G mm-wave phased-array beamforming low-power |
| title | A 28 GHz Phased-Array Transmitter Based on Doherty Spatial Combining Technique With a Local Sub-Sampling PLL |
| title_full | A 28 GHz Phased-Array Transmitter Based on Doherty Spatial Combining Technique With a Local Sub-Sampling PLL |
| title_fullStr | A 28 GHz Phased-Array Transmitter Based on Doherty Spatial Combining Technique With a Local Sub-Sampling PLL |
| title_full_unstemmed | A 28 GHz Phased-Array Transmitter Based on Doherty Spatial Combining Technique With a Local Sub-Sampling PLL |
| title_short | A 28 GHz Phased-Array Transmitter Based on Doherty Spatial Combining Technique With a Local Sub-Sampling PLL |
| title_sort | 28 ghz phased array transmitter based on doherty spatial combining technique with a local sub sampling pll |
| topic | CMOS 5G mm-wave phased-array beamforming low-power |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10979290/ |
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