A Cold-Active Protease Tissue Dissociation Protocol for the Preservation of the Tendon Fibroblast Transcriptome

Traditional tissue dissociation methods for bulk- and single-cell sequencing use various protease and/or collagenase combinations at temperatures ranging from 28 to 37 °C, which cause transcriptional cell stress that may alter data interpretation. Such artifacts can be reduced by dissociating cells...

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Main Authors: Arul Subramanian, Pavan Nayak, Thomas Schilling
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Bio-protocol LLC 2025-05-01
Series:Bio-Protocol
Online Access:https://bio-protocol.org/en/bpdetail?id=5293&type=0
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author Arul Subramanian
Pavan Nayak
Thomas Schilling
author_facet Arul Subramanian
Pavan Nayak
Thomas Schilling
author_sort Arul Subramanian
collection DOAJ
description Traditional tissue dissociation methods for bulk- and single-cell sequencing use various protease and/or collagenase combinations at temperatures ranging from 28 to 37 °C, which cause transcriptional cell stress that may alter data interpretation. Such artifacts can be reduced by dissociating cells in cold-active proteases, but few studies have shown that this improves cell-type specific transcription, particularly in tissues hypersensitive to mechanical integrity and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. To address this, we have dissociated zebrafish tendons and ligaments in subtilisin A at 4 °C and compared the results with 37 °C collagenase dissociation using bulk RNA sequencing. We find that high-temperature collagenase dissociation causes general cell stress in tendon fibroblasts (tenocytes) as reported in previous studies with other cell types, but also that high temperature specifically downregulates hallmark genes involved in tenocyte specification and ECM production in vivo. Our results suggest that cold-protease dissociation reduces transcriptional artifacts and increases the robustness of RNA-sequencing datasets such that they better reflect native in vivo tissue microenvironments.
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spelling doaj-art-16efbd256c614bf4b9c71e5042287e3a2025-08-20T02:14:01ZengBio-protocol LLCBio-Protocol2331-83252025-05-0115910.21769/BioProtoc.5293A Cold-Active Protease Tissue Dissociation Protocol for the Preservation of the Tendon Fibroblast TranscriptomeArul Subramanian0Pavan Nayak1Thomas Schilling2Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USADepartment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USADepartment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USATraditional tissue dissociation methods for bulk- and single-cell sequencing use various protease and/or collagenase combinations at temperatures ranging from 28 to 37 °C, which cause transcriptional cell stress that may alter data interpretation. Such artifacts can be reduced by dissociating cells in cold-active proteases, but few studies have shown that this improves cell-type specific transcription, particularly in tissues hypersensitive to mechanical integrity and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. To address this, we have dissociated zebrafish tendons and ligaments in subtilisin A at 4 °C and compared the results with 37 °C collagenase dissociation using bulk RNA sequencing. We find that high-temperature collagenase dissociation causes general cell stress in tendon fibroblasts (tenocytes) as reported in previous studies with other cell types, but also that high temperature specifically downregulates hallmark genes involved in tenocyte specification and ECM production in vivo. Our results suggest that cold-protease dissociation reduces transcriptional artifacts and increases the robustness of RNA-sequencing datasets such that they better reflect native in vivo tissue microenvironments.https://bio-protocol.org/en/bpdetail?id=5293&type=0
spellingShingle Arul Subramanian
Pavan Nayak
Thomas Schilling
A Cold-Active Protease Tissue Dissociation Protocol for the Preservation of the Tendon Fibroblast Transcriptome
Bio-Protocol
title A Cold-Active Protease Tissue Dissociation Protocol for the Preservation of the Tendon Fibroblast Transcriptome
title_full A Cold-Active Protease Tissue Dissociation Protocol for the Preservation of the Tendon Fibroblast Transcriptome
title_fullStr A Cold-Active Protease Tissue Dissociation Protocol for the Preservation of the Tendon Fibroblast Transcriptome
title_full_unstemmed A Cold-Active Protease Tissue Dissociation Protocol for the Preservation of the Tendon Fibroblast Transcriptome
title_short A Cold-Active Protease Tissue Dissociation Protocol for the Preservation of the Tendon Fibroblast Transcriptome
title_sort cold active protease tissue dissociation protocol for the preservation of the tendon fibroblast transcriptome
url https://bio-protocol.org/en/bpdetail?id=5293&type=0
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