Impacts of extraction solvents and processing techniques on phytochemical composition and antioxidant property of mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves

The novelty of this study is to comprehensively investigate the effects of various extraction methodologies, processing treatments, and leaf maturity on the quality attributes of mulberry leaf extracts. The findings indicated that extraction employing 70% ethanol or 100% methanol yielded the highest...

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Main Authors: Chiu-Hsun Liao, Hong-Xuan Fu, Kai-Hsiang Tu, Ji-Hong Zheng, Chia-Hung Shih, Yung-Sheng Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Cogent Food & Agriculture
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2025.2451731
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author Chiu-Hsun Liao
Hong-Xuan Fu
Kai-Hsiang Tu
Ji-Hong Zheng
Chia-Hung Shih
Yung-Sheng Lin
author_facet Chiu-Hsun Liao
Hong-Xuan Fu
Kai-Hsiang Tu
Ji-Hong Zheng
Chia-Hung Shih
Yung-Sheng Lin
author_sort Chiu-Hsun Liao
collection DOAJ
description The novelty of this study is to comprehensively investigate the effects of various extraction methodologies, processing treatments, and leaf maturity on the quality attributes of mulberry leaf extracts. The findings indicated that extraction employing 70% ethanol or 100% methanol yielded the highest levels of bioactive compounds and greatest antioxidant activity, according to Fisher’s statistical least significant difference test. Specifically, the extraction efficiency of 70% ethanol under high-temperature conditions resulted in the highest efficiency, with total phenolic content reaching 60.1 ± 1.1 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight, total flavonoid content at 14.8 ± 0.1 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight, DPPH scavenging ability of 447.8 ± 11.1 μg/mL (IC50), ABTS scavenging ability of 835 ± 6 μg/mL (IC50), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power of 41.1 ± 1.2 mg butylated hydroxyanisole equivalent/g dry weight. In the context of mulberry leaf processing, nonfermented leaves exhibited higher levels of total phenols and flavonoids and higher antioxidant potential than partially or fully fermented leaves did. Additionally, upper leaf segments of mulberry plants had higher levels of bioactive compounds and greater antioxidant activity than tender shoots.
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spelling doaj-art-16d81818cc4e486199e6da2fdd25f60b2025-08-20T02:46:58ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCogent Food & Agriculture2331-19322025-12-0111110.1080/23311932.2025.2451731Impacts of extraction solvents and processing techniques on phytochemical composition and antioxidant property of mulberry (Morus spp.) leavesChiu-Hsun Liao0Hong-Xuan Fu1Kai-Hsiang Tu2Ji-Hong Zheng3Chia-Hung Shih4Yung-Sheng Lin5Ph.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, TaiwanMiaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Miaoli, TaiwanMiaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Miaoli, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, TaiwanMiaoli District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Miaoli, TaiwanPh.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, TaiwanThe novelty of this study is to comprehensively investigate the effects of various extraction methodologies, processing treatments, and leaf maturity on the quality attributes of mulberry leaf extracts. The findings indicated that extraction employing 70% ethanol or 100% methanol yielded the highest levels of bioactive compounds and greatest antioxidant activity, according to Fisher’s statistical least significant difference test. Specifically, the extraction efficiency of 70% ethanol under high-temperature conditions resulted in the highest efficiency, with total phenolic content reaching 60.1 ± 1.1 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight, total flavonoid content at 14.8 ± 0.1 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight, DPPH scavenging ability of 447.8 ± 11.1 μg/mL (IC50), ABTS scavenging ability of 835 ± 6 μg/mL (IC50), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power of 41.1 ± 1.2 mg butylated hydroxyanisole equivalent/g dry weight. In the context of mulberry leaf processing, nonfermented leaves exhibited higher levels of total phenols and flavonoids and higher antioxidant potential than partially or fully fermented leaves did. Additionally, upper leaf segments of mulberry plants had higher levels of bioactive compounds and greater antioxidant activity than tender shoots.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2025.2451731Antioxidantextractionmulberry leavesprocessingfermentChemical Engineering
spellingShingle Chiu-Hsun Liao
Hong-Xuan Fu
Kai-Hsiang Tu
Ji-Hong Zheng
Chia-Hung Shih
Yung-Sheng Lin
Impacts of extraction solvents and processing techniques on phytochemical composition and antioxidant property of mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves
Cogent Food & Agriculture
Antioxidant
extraction
mulberry leaves
processing
ferment
Chemical Engineering
title Impacts of extraction solvents and processing techniques on phytochemical composition and antioxidant property of mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves
title_full Impacts of extraction solvents and processing techniques on phytochemical composition and antioxidant property of mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves
title_fullStr Impacts of extraction solvents and processing techniques on phytochemical composition and antioxidant property of mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of extraction solvents and processing techniques on phytochemical composition and antioxidant property of mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves
title_short Impacts of extraction solvents and processing techniques on phytochemical composition and antioxidant property of mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves
title_sort impacts of extraction solvents and processing techniques on phytochemical composition and antioxidant property of mulberry morus spp leaves
topic Antioxidant
extraction
mulberry leaves
processing
ferment
Chemical Engineering
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2025.2451731
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