Maternal Macronutrient Intake and Associated Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the BORN2020 Study
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Limited evidence links maternal macronutrient intake to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Therefore, we evaluated these intakes both before and during pregnancy, comparing macronutrient data against the European Food and Safety Authorities’ (EFSA) Di...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Antigoni Tranidou Ioannis Tsakiridis Emmanuela Magriplis Aikaterini Apostolopoulou Violeta Chroni Eirini Tsekitsidi Ioustini Kalaitzopoulou Nikolaos Pazaras Michail Chourdakis Themistoklis Dagklis |
| author_facet | Antigoni Tranidou Ioannis Tsakiridis Emmanuela Magriplis Aikaterini Apostolopoulou Violeta Chroni Eirini Tsekitsidi Ioustini Kalaitzopoulou Nikolaos Pazaras Michail Chourdakis Themistoklis Dagklis |
| author_sort | Antigoni Tranidou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Limited evidence links maternal macronutrient intake to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Therefore, we evaluated these intakes both before and during pregnancy, comparing macronutrient data against the European Food and Safety Authorities’ (EFSA) Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). <b>Methods:</b> Data were prospectively collected from the Greek BORN2020 epidemiologic pregnant cohort, which included 797 pregnant women, of whom 14.7% were diagnosed with GDM. A multinomial logistic regression model assessed the association between macronutrient intake and GDM, adjusting for maternal, lifestyle, and pregnancy-related factors. <b>Results:</b> Women with GDM had higher maternal age (34.15 ± 4.48 vs. 32.1 ± 4.89 years), higher pre-pregnancy BMI (median 23.7 vs. 22.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and were more likely to smoke during mid-gestation (17.95% vs. 8.82%). Pre-pregnancy energy intake exceeding EFSA recommendations was associated with increased GDM risk (aOR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.37–2.86). During mid-gestation, higher dietary fiber intake (aOR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.00–1.10), higher protein intake (aOR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04), and higher protein percentage of energy intake (aOR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01–1.17) were all significantly associated with increased GDM risk. Changes from pre-pregnancy to pregnancy showed significant increases in dietary fiber intake (aOR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.04–1.10), protein (aOR = 1.00, 95%CI: 1.00–1.01), fat (aOR = 1.00, 95%CI: 1.00–1.01), vegetable protein (aOR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00–1.03), animal protein (aOR = 1.00, 95%CI: 1.00–1.01), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake (aOR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00–1.02), all of which were associated with increased GDM risk. <b>Conclusions:</b> Energy intake above upper levels set by EFSA, as well as increased protein, MUFA, and fiber intake, although beneficial in balanced intakes, may negatively affect gestation by increasing GDM likelihood when consumed beyond requirements. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-16d3a91a634c424b9b46105489559ea8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-16d3a91a634c424b9b46105489559ea82025-01-24T13:23:52ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-12-011315710.3390/biomedicines13010057Maternal Macronutrient Intake and Associated Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the BORN2020 StudyAntigoni Tranidou0Ioannis Tsakiridis1Emmanuela Magriplis2Aikaterini Apostolopoulou3Violeta Chroni4Eirini Tsekitsidi5Ioustini Kalaitzopoulou6Nikolaos Pazaras7Michail Chourdakis8Themistoklis Dagklis93rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Limited evidence links maternal macronutrient intake to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Therefore, we evaluated these intakes both before and during pregnancy, comparing macronutrient data against the European Food and Safety Authorities’ (EFSA) Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). <b>Methods:</b> Data were prospectively collected from the Greek BORN2020 epidemiologic pregnant cohort, which included 797 pregnant women, of whom 14.7% were diagnosed with GDM. A multinomial logistic regression model assessed the association between macronutrient intake and GDM, adjusting for maternal, lifestyle, and pregnancy-related factors. <b>Results:</b> Women with GDM had higher maternal age (34.15 ± 4.48 vs. 32.1 ± 4.89 years), higher pre-pregnancy BMI (median 23.7 vs. 22.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and were more likely to smoke during mid-gestation (17.95% vs. 8.82%). Pre-pregnancy energy intake exceeding EFSA recommendations was associated with increased GDM risk (aOR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.37–2.86). During mid-gestation, higher dietary fiber intake (aOR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.00–1.10), higher protein intake (aOR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04), and higher protein percentage of energy intake (aOR = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01–1.17) were all significantly associated with increased GDM risk. Changes from pre-pregnancy to pregnancy showed significant increases in dietary fiber intake (aOR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.04–1.10), protein (aOR = 1.00, 95%CI: 1.00–1.01), fat (aOR = 1.00, 95%CI: 1.00–1.01), vegetable protein (aOR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00–1.03), animal protein (aOR = 1.00, 95%CI: 1.00–1.01), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake (aOR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00–1.02), all of which were associated with increased GDM risk. <b>Conclusions:</b> Energy intake above upper levels set by EFSA, as well as increased protein, MUFA, and fiber intake, although beneficial in balanced intakes, may negatively affect gestation by increasing GDM likelihood when consumed beyond requirements.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/57maternalnutritional intakepregnancygestational diabetes mellitusGDMmacronutrients |
| spellingShingle | Antigoni Tranidou Ioannis Tsakiridis Emmanuela Magriplis Aikaterini Apostolopoulou Violeta Chroni Eirini Tsekitsidi Ioustini Kalaitzopoulou Nikolaos Pazaras Michail Chourdakis Themistoklis Dagklis Maternal Macronutrient Intake and Associated Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the BORN2020 Study Biomedicines maternal nutritional intake pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus GDM macronutrients |
| title | Maternal Macronutrient Intake and Associated Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the BORN2020 Study |
| title_full | Maternal Macronutrient Intake and Associated Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the BORN2020 Study |
| title_fullStr | Maternal Macronutrient Intake and Associated Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the BORN2020 Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Maternal Macronutrient Intake and Associated Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the BORN2020 Study |
| title_short | Maternal Macronutrient Intake and Associated Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the BORN2020 Study |
| title_sort | maternal macronutrient intake and associated risk for gestational diabetes mellitus results from the born2020 study |
| topic | maternal nutritional intake pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus GDM macronutrients |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/57 |
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