Correlation Analysis Between Total Electron Content and Geomagnetic Activity: Climatology of Latitudinal, Seasonal and Diurnal Dependence

The basic concept of this study is to investigate, by correlation analysis, the relationship between geomagnetic activity and Total Electron Content (TEC) for the period from 1994 to 2023. The global TEC data used have been recalculated to a coordinate system with a modip latitude and geographical l...

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Main Authors: Plamen Mukhtarov, Rumiana Bojilova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Atmosphere
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/4/478
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author Plamen Mukhtarov
Rumiana Bojilova
author_facet Plamen Mukhtarov
Rumiana Bojilova
author_sort Plamen Mukhtarov
collection DOAJ
description The basic concept of this study is to investigate, by correlation analysis, the relationship between geomagnetic activity and Total Electron Content (TEC) for the period from 1994 to 2023. The global TEC data used have been recalculated to a coordinate system with a modip latitude and geographical longitude. In the analysis of the parameters used, the global index of geomagnetic activity, Kp, and TEC were converted into relative values, showing the deviation from stationary (quiet) conditions. The investigation defined theoretical cross-correlation functions that allow estimating the time lag constant from the shift of the maximum cross-correlation. The seasonal dependence of the ionospheric response was investigated by splitting it into three monthly segments centered on the equinox and solstice months. The dependence of the ionospheric response on local time was studied by creating time series, including those longitudes at which, at a given moment, the local time coincides with the selected one. The results show the following peculiarities in the TEC response: the type of ionospheric response (positive or negative) in each of the latitudinal zones (auroral ovals, mid-latitude and low-latitude) depends on the season, the local time of the geomagnetic storm and the specific physical mechanism of impact.
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spelling doaj-art-16cd1021c1f04e95a1d4712df719b7302025-08-20T02:24:43ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-04-0116447810.3390/atmos16040478Correlation Analysis Between Total Electron Content and Geomagnetic Activity: Climatology of Latitudinal, Seasonal and Diurnal DependencePlamen Mukhtarov0Rumiana Bojilova1National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaNational Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaThe basic concept of this study is to investigate, by correlation analysis, the relationship between geomagnetic activity and Total Electron Content (TEC) for the period from 1994 to 2023. The global TEC data used have been recalculated to a coordinate system with a modip latitude and geographical longitude. In the analysis of the parameters used, the global index of geomagnetic activity, Kp, and TEC were converted into relative values, showing the deviation from stationary (quiet) conditions. The investigation defined theoretical cross-correlation functions that allow estimating the time lag constant from the shift of the maximum cross-correlation. The seasonal dependence of the ionospheric response was investigated by splitting it into three monthly segments centered on the equinox and solstice months. The dependence of the ionospheric response on local time was studied by creating time series, including those longitudes at which, at a given moment, the local time coincides with the selected one. The results show the following peculiarities in the TEC response: the type of ionospheric response (positive or negative) in each of the latitudinal zones (auroral ovals, mid-latitude and low-latitude) depends on the season, the local time of the geomagnetic storm and the specific physical mechanism of impact.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/4/478geomagnetic activityTECcorrelation analysisclimatological dependence
spellingShingle Plamen Mukhtarov
Rumiana Bojilova
Correlation Analysis Between Total Electron Content and Geomagnetic Activity: Climatology of Latitudinal, Seasonal and Diurnal Dependence
Atmosphere
geomagnetic activity
TEC
correlation analysis
climatological dependence
title Correlation Analysis Between Total Electron Content and Geomagnetic Activity: Climatology of Latitudinal, Seasonal and Diurnal Dependence
title_full Correlation Analysis Between Total Electron Content and Geomagnetic Activity: Climatology of Latitudinal, Seasonal and Diurnal Dependence
title_fullStr Correlation Analysis Between Total Electron Content and Geomagnetic Activity: Climatology of Latitudinal, Seasonal and Diurnal Dependence
title_full_unstemmed Correlation Analysis Between Total Electron Content and Geomagnetic Activity: Climatology of Latitudinal, Seasonal and Diurnal Dependence
title_short Correlation Analysis Between Total Electron Content and Geomagnetic Activity: Climatology of Latitudinal, Seasonal and Diurnal Dependence
title_sort correlation analysis between total electron content and geomagnetic activity climatology of latitudinal seasonal and diurnal dependence
topic geomagnetic activity
TEC
correlation analysis
climatological dependence
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/4/478
work_keys_str_mv AT plamenmukhtarov correlationanalysisbetweentotalelectroncontentandgeomagneticactivityclimatologyoflatitudinalseasonalanddiurnaldependence
AT rumianabojilova correlationanalysisbetweentotalelectroncontentandgeomagneticactivityclimatologyoflatitudinalseasonalanddiurnaldependence