Assessing the Adhesiveness and Long-Term Behaviour of Piezoresistive Strain Sensor Materials for Application in Structural Health Monitored Structures
The durability of piezoresistive sensor materials is a core prerequisite for their implementation in structural health monitoring systems. In this work, three piezoresistive materials were subjected to extensive cyclic tensile loadings, and their behaviour was analysed before, after, and during test...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1659 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850088060470951936 |
|---|---|
| author | Daniel Kimpfbeck Herbert Enser Jonas Wagner Lukas Heinzlmeier Boris Buchroithner Pavel Kulha Bettina Heise Günther Hannesschläger Christoph Kralovec Martin Schagerl |
| author_facet | Daniel Kimpfbeck Herbert Enser Jonas Wagner Lukas Heinzlmeier Boris Buchroithner Pavel Kulha Bettina Heise Günther Hannesschläger Christoph Kralovec Martin Schagerl |
| author_sort | Daniel Kimpfbeck |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The durability of piezoresistive sensor materials is a core prerequisite for their implementation in structural health monitoring systems. In this work, three piezoresistive materials were subjected to extensive cyclic tensile loadings, and their behaviour was analysed before, after, and during testing. To this end, aluminium specimens were coated with three different industry-grade lacquers, and then piezoresistive materials were applied onto each specimen. Sensors made from carbon black displayed excellent linearity even after tensile loading cycles (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>></mo><mn>0.88</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). A decline in linearity of all sensors based on carbon allotropes was discovered, whereas the polymer-based sensors improved. Furthermore, their adhesion to the substrate is of great importance. Good adhesion ensures the strains in the underlying structure are correctly transmitted into the sensor materials. Based on contact angle measurements of liquids on sensor materials and on lacquers, their work of adhesion was determined. The findings were verified by tape adhesion tests. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-16cb80d32736487aa1b58bd897ba5ea4 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-16cb80d32736487aa1b58bd897ba5ea42025-08-20T02:43:06ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-03-01256165910.3390/s25061659Assessing the Adhesiveness and Long-Term Behaviour of Piezoresistive Strain Sensor Materials for Application in Structural Health Monitored StructuresDaniel Kimpfbeck0Herbert Enser1Jonas Wagner2Lukas Heinzlmeier3Boris Buchroithner4Pavel Kulha5Bettina Heise6Günther Hannesschläger7Christoph Kralovec8Martin Schagerl9Institute of Structural Lightweight Design, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, AustriaInstitute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, AustriaInstitute of Structural Lightweight Design, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, AustriaInstitute of Structural Lightweight Design, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, AustriaPROFACTOR GmbH, 4407 Steyr, AustriaPROFACTOR GmbH, 4407 Steyr, AustriaResearch Center for Non-Destructive Testing (RECENDT)-GmbH, 4040 Linz, AustriaResearch Center for Non-Destructive Testing (RECENDT)-GmbH, 4040 Linz, AustriaInstitute of Structural Lightweight Design, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, AustriaInstitute of Structural Lightweight Design, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, AustriaThe durability of piezoresistive sensor materials is a core prerequisite for their implementation in structural health monitoring systems. In this work, three piezoresistive materials were subjected to extensive cyclic tensile loadings, and their behaviour was analysed before, after, and during testing. To this end, aluminium specimens were coated with three different industry-grade lacquers, and then piezoresistive materials were applied onto each specimen. Sensors made from carbon black displayed excellent linearity even after tensile loading cycles (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>></mo><mn>0.88</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). A decline in linearity of all sensors based on carbon allotropes was discovered, whereas the polymer-based sensors improved. Furthermore, their adhesion to the substrate is of great importance. Good adhesion ensures the strains in the underlying structure are correctly transmitted into the sensor materials. Based on contact angle measurements of liquids on sensor materials and on lacquers, their work of adhesion was determined. The findings were verified by tape adhesion tests.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1659carbon nanotubescarbon blackPEDOT:PSSstrain sensorpiezoresistivitydurability |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Kimpfbeck Herbert Enser Jonas Wagner Lukas Heinzlmeier Boris Buchroithner Pavel Kulha Bettina Heise Günther Hannesschläger Christoph Kralovec Martin Schagerl Assessing the Adhesiveness and Long-Term Behaviour of Piezoresistive Strain Sensor Materials for Application in Structural Health Monitored Structures Sensors carbon nanotubes carbon black PEDOT:PSS strain sensor piezoresistivity durability |
| title | Assessing the Adhesiveness and Long-Term Behaviour of Piezoresistive Strain Sensor Materials for Application in Structural Health Monitored Structures |
| title_full | Assessing the Adhesiveness and Long-Term Behaviour of Piezoresistive Strain Sensor Materials for Application in Structural Health Monitored Structures |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Adhesiveness and Long-Term Behaviour of Piezoresistive Strain Sensor Materials for Application in Structural Health Monitored Structures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Adhesiveness and Long-Term Behaviour of Piezoresistive Strain Sensor Materials for Application in Structural Health Monitored Structures |
| title_short | Assessing the Adhesiveness and Long-Term Behaviour of Piezoresistive Strain Sensor Materials for Application in Structural Health Monitored Structures |
| title_sort | assessing the adhesiveness and long term behaviour of piezoresistive strain sensor materials for application in structural health monitored structures |
| topic | carbon nanotubes carbon black PEDOT:PSS strain sensor piezoresistivity durability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/6/1659 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielkimpfbeck assessingtheadhesivenessandlongtermbehaviourofpiezoresistivestrainsensormaterialsforapplicationinstructuralhealthmonitoredstructures AT herbertenser assessingtheadhesivenessandlongtermbehaviourofpiezoresistivestrainsensormaterialsforapplicationinstructuralhealthmonitoredstructures AT jonaswagner assessingtheadhesivenessandlongtermbehaviourofpiezoresistivestrainsensormaterialsforapplicationinstructuralhealthmonitoredstructures AT lukasheinzlmeier assessingtheadhesivenessandlongtermbehaviourofpiezoresistivestrainsensormaterialsforapplicationinstructuralhealthmonitoredstructures AT borisbuchroithner assessingtheadhesivenessandlongtermbehaviourofpiezoresistivestrainsensormaterialsforapplicationinstructuralhealthmonitoredstructures AT pavelkulha assessingtheadhesivenessandlongtermbehaviourofpiezoresistivestrainsensormaterialsforapplicationinstructuralhealthmonitoredstructures AT bettinaheise assessingtheadhesivenessandlongtermbehaviourofpiezoresistivestrainsensormaterialsforapplicationinstructuralhealthmonitoredstructures AT guntherhannesschlager assessingtheadhesivenessandlongtermbehaviourofpiezoresistivestrainsensormaterialsforapplicationinstructuralhealthmonitoredstructures AT christophkralovec assessingtheadhesivenessandlongtermbehaviourofpiezoresistivestrainsensormaterialsforapplicationinstructuralhealthmonitoredstructures AT martinschagerl assessingtheadhesivenessandlongtermbehaviourofpiezoresistivestrainsensormaterialsforapplicationinstructuralhealthmonitoredstructures |