General anesthesia is an independent predictor for worse maternal outcome in pregnant pulmonary arterial hypertension patients without cardiac shunt but not for those with shunt

Abstract. Background. Although pregnancy imposes extra risk in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), hemodynamic characteristics vary between PAH patients with and without cardiac shunts. However, previous studies did not take hemodynamic differences in PAH patients into consideration...

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Main Authors: Weida Lu, Min Li, Fuqing Ji, Hua Feng, Liangyi Qie, Guo Li, Qiushang Ji, Mingying Ling, Fan Jiang, Xiaopei Cui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Health/LWW 2025-03-01
Series:Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
Online Access:http://journals.lww.com/10.1097/EC9.0000000000000104
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author Weida Lu
Min Li
Fuqing Ji
Hua Feng
Liangyi Qie
Guo Li
Qiushang Ji
Mingying Ling
Fan Jiang
Xiaopei Cui
author_facet Weida Lu
Min Li
Fuqing Ji
Hua Feng
Liangyi Qie
Guo Li
Qiushang Ji
Mingying Ling
Fan Jiang
Xiaopei Cui
author_sort Weida Lu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract. Background. Although pregnancy imposes extra risk in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), hemodynamic characteristics vary between PAH patients with and without cardiac shunts. However, previous studies did not take hemodynamic differences in PAH patients into consideration for pregnancy outcome analysis. We aimed to identify predictors for peripartum outcome of PAH patients without/with cardiac shunt. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of PAH gravidae parturiated by cesarean delivery (C-section) from 4 hospitals. Maternal death and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) occurring during pregnancy or within 6 weeks postpartum were defined as composite end points. Risk factors for end points were analyzed separately in patients with and without cardiac shunt. The effect of general anesthesia on MACEs and maternal death was analyzed considering cardiac shunts. Results. One hundred and eighty-one PAH gravidae were included, of whom 85 had PAH without cardiac shunt and 96 with shunt. Patients who met combined end points were 19/85 in those without shunt compared with 23/96 in those with shunt. The mortality rates were 11.8% and 9.4%, respectively. Both World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) III/IV and general anesthesia were predictors for gravidae without shunt, whereas only WHO-FC III/IV was a predictor for gravidae with shunt. General anesthesia increased the MACE risk (odds ratio, 9.000; 95% confidence interval, 2.628–30.820) and maternal mortality (odds ratio, 11.000; 95% confidence interval, 2.595–46.622; P = 0.039) in patients without cardiac shunt but not in those with shunt during C-section. Conclusion. All PAH gravidae with WHO-FC III/IV are at high risk and should receive intensive care. General anesthesia should be avoided during C-section for PAH gravidae without a cardiac shunt.
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spelling doaj-art-16bf6ccc805e45d0b9186bf8be6b880e2025-08-20T02:09:07ZengWolters Kluwer Health/LWWEmergency and Critical Care Medicine2097-06172693-860X2025-03-01513810.1097/EC9.0000000000000104202503000-00002General anesthesia is an independent predictor for worse maternal outcome in pregnant pulmonary arterial hypertension patients without cardiac shunt but not for those with shuntWeida Lu0Min Li1Fuqing Ji2Hua Feng3Liangyi Qie4Guo Li5Qiushang Ji6Mingying Ling7Fan Jiang8Xiaopei Cui9a Department of Geriatric Medicine & Shandong Key Laboratory Cardiovascular Proteomics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Chinab Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Chinac Department of Cardiology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, Chinad Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, Chinaa Department of Geriatric Medicine & Shandong Key Laboratory Cardiovascular Proteomics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Chinae Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, Chinaf Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.a Department of Geriatric Medicine & Shandong Key Laboratory Cardiovascular Proteomics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Chinaa Department of Geriatric Medicine & Shandong Key Laboratory Cardiovascular Proteomics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Chinaa Department of Geriatric Medicine & Shandong Key Laboratory Cardiovascular Proteomics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaAbstract. Background. Although pregnancy imposes extra risk in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), hemodynamic characteristics vary between PAH patients with and without cardiac shunts. However, previous studies did not take hemodynamic differences in PAH patients into consideration for pregnancy outcome analysis. We aimed to identify predictors for peripartum outcome of PAH patients without/with cardiac shunt. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of PAH gravidae parturiated by cesarean delivery (C-section) from 4 hospitals. Maternal death and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) occurring during pregnancy or within 6 weeks postpartum were defined as composite end points. Risk factors for end points were analyzed separately in patients with and without cardiac shunt. The effect of general anesthesia on MACEs and maternal death was analyzed considering cardiac shunts. Results. One hundred and eighty-one PAH gravidae were included, of whom 85 had PAH without cardiac shunt and 96 with shunt. Patients who met combined end points were 19/85 in those without shunt compared with 23/96 in those with shunt. The mortality rates were 11.8% and 9.4%, respectively. Both World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) III/IV and general anesthesia were predictors for gravidae without shunt, whereas only WHO-FC III/IV was a predictor for gravidae with shunt. General anesthesia increased the MACE risk (odds ratio, 9.000; 95% confidence interval, 2.628–30.820) and maternal mortality (odds ratio, 11.000; 95% confidence interval, 2.595–46.622; P = 0.039) in patients without cardiac shunt but not in those with shunt during C-section. Conclusion. All PAH gravidae with WHO-FC III/IV are at high risk and should receive intensive care. General anesthesia should be avoided during C-section for PAH gravidae without a cardiac shunt.http://journals.lww.com/10.1097/EC9.0000000000000104
spellingShingle Weida Lu
Min Li
Fuqing Ji
Hua Feng
Liangyi Qie
Guo Li
Qiushang Ji
Mingying Ling
Fan Jiang
Xiaopei Cui
General anesthesia is an independent predictor for worse maternal outcome in pregnant pulmonary arterial hypertension patients without cardiac shunt but not for those with shunt
Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
title General anesthesia is an independent predictor for worse maternal outcome in pregnant pulmonary arterial hypertension patients without cardiac shunt but not for those with shunt
title_full General anesthesia is an independent predictor for worse maternal outcome in pregnant pulmonary arterial hypertension patients without cardiac shunt but not for those with shunt
title_fullStr General anesthesia is an independent predictor for worse maternal outcome in pregnant pulmonary arterial hypertension patients without cardiac shunt but not for those with shunt
title_full_unstemmed General anesthesia is an independent predictor for worse maternal outcome in pregnant pulmonary arterial hypertension patients without cardiac shunt but not for those with shunt
title_short General anesthesia is an independent predictor for worse maternal outcome in pregnant pulmonary arterial hypertension patients without cardiac shunt but not for those with shunt
title_sort general anesthesia is an independent predictor for worse maternal outcome in pregnant pulmonary arterial hypertension patients without cardiac shunt but not for those with shunt
url http://journals.lww.com/10.1097/EC9.0000000000000104
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