Quantifying the Burden of Shoulder and Hip Pain In Water Polo Players Across Different Playing Levels
# Background Water polo is characterised by unique skills and movements with high demands of both the upper and lower limb. There is growing recognition of the problems of shoulder and hip/groin symptoms in this population. # Purpose To quantify the prevalence of shoulder and hip/groin pain in wate...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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North American Sports Medicine Institute
2021-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.18801 |
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| _version_ | 1825197069456900096 |
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| author | Michael Girdwood Marilyn Webster |
| author_facet | Michael Girdwood Marilyn Webster |
| author_sort | Michael Girdwood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | # Background
Water polo is characterised by unique skills and movements with high demands of both the upper and lower limb. There is growing recognition of the problems of shoulder and hip/groin symptoms in this population.
# Purpose
To quantify the prevalence of shoulder and hip/groin pain in water polo players, and to describe how performance and participation were impacted. Secondary aims investigated whether demographic or training variables were associated with levels of symptoms.
# Design
In-season, cross-sectional questionnaire study
# Methods
An online questionnaire was distributed to all adult levels of the Australian water polo community. Participants were asked about demographic and playing history, and then specific injury history at both the shoulder and hip/groin. Each respondent completed an Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) overuse injury questionnaire for the shoulder and hip/groin. Point prevalence and past history were calculated, as well as a morbidity score from OSTRC responses. Risk ratios were used to determine differences between playing levels and sex.
# Results
One hundred, fifty-three respondents completed the questionnaire (57% female). High rates of shoulder pain were reported (38.1% current, 81.2% past history), as well as hip/groin pain (33.1% current, 60.4% past history). Current shoulder pain was a risk factor for hip/groin pain (RR 1.99 (95%CI 1.27-3.12), and hip/groin pain was a risk factor for shoulder pain (RR 1.70 (95%CI 1.23-2.35). Elite-level athletes had higher prevalence (RR 1.87 [95%CI 1.01-3.46]) and past history of hip/groin pain (RR 1.76 [95%CI 1.32-2.36]).
# Conclusions
This is the first study to quantify high self-reported levels of hip/groin pain in water polo athletes. Such high levels may be explained by high amounts of eggbeater kick, especially during skeletal development in adolescence. Shoulder pain continues to be the most common source of injury burden in water polo. Future research should determine whether any modifiable risk factors exist that may reduce the burden of injury in this population.
# Level of Evidence
2b |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-16a96d3bfc034fd1a277d0f6c5af1da1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2159-2896 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | North American Sports Medicine Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-16a96d3bfc034fd1a277d0f6c5af1da12025-02-11T20:26:57ZengNorth American Sports Medicine InstituteInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy2159-28962021-02-01161Quantifying the Burden of Shoulder and Hip Pain In Water Polo Players Across Different Playing LevelsMichael GirdwoodMarilyn Webster# Background Water polo is characterised by unique skills and movements with high demands of both the upper and lower limb. There is growing recognition of the problems of shoulder and hip/groin symptoms in this population. # Purpose To quantify the prevalence of shoulder and hip/groin pain in water polo players, and to describe how performance and participation were impacted. Secondary aims investigated whether demographic or training variables were associated with levels of symptoms. # Design In-season, cross-sectional questionnaire study # Methods An online questionnaire was distributed to all adult levels of the Australian water polo community. Participants were asked about demographic and playing history, and then specific injury history at both the shoulder and hip/groin. Each respondent completed an Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) overuse injury questionnaire for the shoulder and hip/groin. Point prevalence and past history were calculated, as well as a morbidity score from OSTRC responses. Risk ratios were used to determine differences between playing levels and sex. # Results One hundred, fifty-three respondents completed the questionnaire (57% female). High rates of shoulder pain were reported (38.1% current, 81.2% past history), as well as hip/groin pain (33.1% current, 60.4% past history). Current shoulder pain was a risk factor for hip/groin pain (RR 1.99 (95%CI 1.27-3.12), and hip/groin pain was a risk factor for shoulder pain (RR 1.70 (95%CI 1.23-2.35). Elite-level athletes had higher prevalence (RR 1.87 [95%CI 1.01-3.46]) and past history of hip/groin pain (RR 1.76 [95%CI 1.32-2.36]). # Conclusions This is the first study to quantify high self-reported levels of hip/groin pain in water polo athletes. Such high levels may be explained by high amounts of eggbeater kick, especially during skeletal development in adolescence. Shoulder pain continues to be the most common source of injury burden in water polo. Future research should determine whether any modifiable risk factors exist that may reduce the burden of injury in this population. # Level of Evidence 2bhttps://doi.org/10.26603/001c.18801 |
| spellingShingle | Michael Girdwood Marilyn Webster Quantifying the Burden of Shoulder and Hip Pain In Water Polo Players Across Different Playing Levels International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| title | Quantifying the Burden of Shoulder and Hip Pain In Water Polo Players Across Different Playing Levels |
| title_full | Quantifying the Burden of Shoulder and Hip Pain In Water Polo Players Across Different Playing Levels |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying the Burden of Shoulder and Hip Pain In Water Polo Players Across Different Playing Levels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying the Burden of Shoulder and Hip Pain In Water Polo Players Across Different Playing Levels |
| title_short | Quantifying the Burden of Shoulder and Hip Pain In Water Polo Players Across Different Playing Levels |
| title_sort | quantifying the burden of shoulder and hip pain in water polo players across different playing levels |
| url | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.18801 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT michaelgirdwood quantifyingtheburdenofshoulderandhippaininwaterpoloplayersacrossdifferentplayinglevels AT marilynwebster quantifyingtheburdenofshoulderandhippaininwaterpoloplayersacrossdifferentplayinglevels |