IL-21 Receptor Expression in Human Tendinopathy
The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying tendinopathy remain unclear, with much debate as to whether inflammation or degradation has the prominent role. Increasing evidence points toward an early inflammatory infiltrate and associated inflammatory cytokine production in human and animal models of tend...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/481206 |
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| _version_ | 1832567777488011264 |
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| author | Abigail L. Campbell Nicola C. Smith James H. Reilly Shauna C. Kerr William J. Leach Umberto G. Fazzi Brian P. Rooney George A. C. Murrell Neal L. Millar |
| author_facet | Abigail L. Campbell Nicola C. Smith James H. Reilly Shauna C. Kerr William J. Leach Umberto G. Fazzi Brian P. Rooney George A. C. Murrell Neal L. Millar |
| author_sort | Abigail L. Campbell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying tendinopathy remain unclear, with much debate as to whether inflammation or degradation has the prominent role. Increasing evidence points toward an early inflammatory infiltrate and associated inflammatory cytokine production in human and animal models of tendon disease. The IL-21/IL-21R axis is a proinflammatory cytokine complex that has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. This project aimed to investigate the role and expression of the cytokine/receptor pair IL-21/IL-21R in human tendinopathy. We found significantly elevated expression of IL-21 receptor message and protein in human tendon samples but found no convincing evidence of the presence of IL-21 at message or protein level. The level of expression of IL-21R message/protein in human tenocytes was significantly upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα/IL-1β) in vitro. These findings demonstrate that IL-21R is present in early human tendinopathy mainly expressed by tenocytes and macrophages. Despite a lack of IL-21 expression, these data again suggest that early tendinopathy has an inflammatory/cytokine phenotype, which may provide novel translational targets in the treatment of tendinopathy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-16958f57cdd344ad99491c0a60d4c790 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-16958f57cdd344ad99491c0a60d4c7902025-02-03T01:00:26ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612014-01-01201410.1155/2014/481206481206IL-21 Receptor Expression in Human TendinopathyAbigail L. Campbell0Nicola C. Smith1James H. Reilly2Shauna C. Kerr3William J. Leach4Umberto G. Fazzi5Brian P. Rooney6George A. C. Murrell7Neal L. Millar8Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UKInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UKInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UKInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UKDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UKDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UKDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UKDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Institute, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital Campus, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, 120 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UKThe pathogenetic mechanisms underlying tendinopathy remain unclear, with much debate as to whether inflammation or degradation has the prominent role. Increasing evidence points toward an early inflammatory infiltrate and associated inflammatory cytokine production in human and animal models of tendon disease. The IL-21/IL-21R axis is a proinflammatory cytokine complex that has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. This project aimed to investigate the role and expression of the cytokine/receptor pair IL-21/IL-21R in human tendinopathy. We found significantly elevated expression of IL-21 receptor message and protein in human tendon samples but found no convincing evidence of the presence of IL-21 at message or protein level. The level of expression of IL-21R message/protein in human tenocytes was significantly upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα/IL-1β) in vitro. These findings demonstrate that IL-21R is present in early human tendinopathy mainly expressed by tenocytes and macrophages. Despite a lack of IL-21 expression, these data again suggest that early tendinopathy has an inflammatory/cytokine phenotype, which may provide novel translational targets in the treatment of tendinopathy.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/481206 |
| spellingShingle | Abigail L. Campbell Nicola C. Smith James H. Reilly Shauna C. Kerr William J. Leach Umberto G. Fazzi Brian P. Rooney George A. C. Murrell Neal L. Millar IL-21 Receptor Expression in Human Tendinopathy Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | IL-21 Receptor Expression in Human Tendinopathy |
| title_full | IL-21 Receptor Expression in Human Tendinopathy |
| title_fullStr | IL-21 Receptor Expression in Human Tendinopathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | IL-21 Receptor Expression in Human Tendinopathy |
| title_short | IL-21 Receptor Expression in Human Tendinopathy |
| title_sort | il 21 receptor expression in human tendinopathy |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/481206 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abigaillcampbell il21receptorexpressioninhumantendinopathy AT nicolacsmith il21receptorexpressioninhumantendinopathy AT jameshreilly il21receptorexpressioninhumantendinopathy AT shaunackerr il21receptorexpressioninhumantendinopathy AT williamjleach il21receptorexpressioninhumantendinopathy AT umbertogfazzi il21receptorexpressioninhumantendinopathy AT brianprooney il21receptorexpressioninhumantendinopathy AT georgeacmurrell il21receptorexpressioninhumantendinopathy AT neallmillar il21receptorexpressioninhumantendinopathy |