Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Recovery of γ-Oryzanol-Rich Extracts with Improved Bioactivity from Rice Bran
Rice bran (RB) is a rice processing by-product recognized to be a source of bioactive compounds, including γ-oryzanol and fatty acids, which have interesting bioactivities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to optimize the supercritical fluid extraction process for re...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/2/206 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850081728798916608 |
|---|---|
| author | João P. Baixinho Martim Cardeira Andreia Bento-Silva Ana Maria Carvalho Partidário Ana Teresa Serra Maria do Rosário Bronze Naiara Fernández |
| author_facet | João P. Baixinho Martim Cardeira Andreia Bento-Silva Ana Maria Carvalho Partidário Ana Teresa Serra Maria do Rosário Bronze Naiara Fernández |
| author_sort | João P. Baixinho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rice bran (RB) is a rice processing by-product recognized to be a source of bioactive compounds, including γ-oryzanol and fatty acids, which have interesting bioactivities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to optimize the supercritical fluid extraction process for recovering these high-value compounds from rice bran with improved bioactivity. A Central Composite Face-Centered Design was employed to optimize the extraction process by varying the temperature (40–80 °C) and pressure (200–500 bar). The optimal extraction conditions were identified at 500 bar and 62 °C that led to the extraction of 17.3% mass yield with 784.5 mg of fatty acids and 36.6 mg of γ-oryzanol per gram of extract, striking a balance between extraction yield and bioactive concentrations. When compared with conventional extractions with n-hexane, supercritical fluid extraction showed similar global yield (18.0 vs. 17.3%) and FA concentration (130.14 vs. 135.70 mg/g of RB) but higher selectivity and extraction yield for γ-oryzanol (18.0 vs. 36.4 mg/g extract; 3.3 vs. 6.3 mg/g of RB). Cellular antioxidant activity assays showed that both extracts reduced the quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) up to 50% in Caco-2 cells submitted to oxidative stress. Importantly, supercritical fluid extract was more effective in inhibiting colorectal cancer cell growth (EC50 = 0.9 mg/mL vs. 1.15 mg/mL) than the hexane extract, and this effect was more pronounced than that obtained for pure γ-oryzanol in the same concentration range. These findings highlight the potential of supercritical fluid technology to develop rice bran extracts with antioxidant and antiproliferative properties, underlining the promising applications of this technology in the field of natural product extraction. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-16828e34640c4eaba2fde19222536cb6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-16828e34640c4eaba2fde19222536cb62025-08-20T02:44:40ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-02-0114220610.3390/antiox14020206Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Recovery of γ-Oryzanol-Rich Extracts with Improved Bioactivity from Rice BranJoão P. Baixinho0Martim Cardeira1Andreia Bento-Silva2Ana Maria Carvalho Partidário3Ana Teresa Serra4Maria do Rosário Bronze5Naiara Fernández6iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, PortugaliBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, PortugalResearch Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-003 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Unidade de Tecnologia e Inovação, Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, PortugaliBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, PortugaliBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, PortugaliBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, PortugalRice bran (RB) is a rice processing by-product recognized to be a source of bioactive compounds, including γ-oryzanol and fatty acids, which have interesting bioactivities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to optimize the supercritical fluid extraction process for recovering these high-value compounds from rice bran with improved bioactivity. A Central Composite Face-Centered Design was employed to optimize the extraction process by varying the temperature (40–80 °C) and pressure (200–500 bar). The optimal extraction conditions were identified at 500 bar and 62 °C that led to the extraction of 17.3% mass yield with 784.5 mg of fatty acids and 36.6 mg of γ-oryzanol per gram of extract, striking a balance between extraction yield and bioactive concentrations. When compared with conventional extractions with n-hexane, supercritical fluid extraction showed similar global yield (18.0 vs. 17.3%) and FA concentration (130.14 vs. 135.70 mg/g of RB) but higher selectivity and extraction yield for γ-oryzanol (18.0 vs. 36.4 mg/g extract; 3.3 vs. 6.3 mg/g of RB). Cellular antioxidant activity assays showed that both extracts reduced the quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) up to 50% in Caco-2 cells submitted to oxidative stress. Importantly, supercritical fluid extract was more effective in inhibiting colorectal cancer cell growth (EC50 = 0.9 mg/mL vs. 1.15 mg/mL) than the hexane extract, and this effect was more pronounced than that obtained for pure γ-oryzanol in the same concentration range. These findings highlight the potential of supercritical fluid technology to develop rice bran extracts with antioxidant and antiproliferative properties, underlining the promising applications of this technology in the field of natural product extraction.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/2/206rice bran oilsupercritical CO<sub>2</sub>green extractionantioxidant activityantiproliferative effect |
| spellingShingle | João P. Baixinho Martim Cardeira Andreia Bento-Silva Ana Maria Carvalho Partidário Ana Teresa Serra Maria do Rosário Bronze Naiara Fernández Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Recovery of γ-Oryzanol-Rich Extracts with Improved Bioactivity from Rice Bran Antioxidants rice bran oil supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> green extraction antioxidant activity antiproliferative effect |
| title | Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Recovery of γ-Oryzanol-Rich Extracts with Improved Bioactivity from Rice Bran |
| title_full | Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Recovery of γ-Oryzanol-Rich Extracts with Improved Bioactivity from Rice Bran |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Recovery of γ-Oryzanol-Rich Extracts with Improved Bioactivity from Rice Bran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Recovery of γ-Oryzanol-Rich Extracts with Improved Bioactivity from Rice Bran |
| title_short | Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Recovery of γ-Oryzanol-Rich Extracts with Improved Bioactivity from Rice Bran |
| title_sort | optimization of supercritical fluid extraction for the recovery of γ oryzanol rich extracts with improved bioactivity from rice bran |
| topic | rice bran oil supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> green extraction antioxidant activity antiproliferative effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/2/206 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT joaopbaixinho optimizationofsupercriticalfluidextractionfortherecoveryofgoryzanolrichextractswithimprovedbioactivityfromricebran AT martimcardeira optimizationofsupercriticalfluidextractionfortherecoveryofgoryzanolrichextractswithimprovedbioactivityfromricebran AT andreiabentosilva optimizationofsupercriticalfluidextractionfortherecoveryofgoryzanolrichextractswithimprovedbioactivityfromricebran AT anamariacarvalhopartidario optimizationofsupercriticalfluidextractionfortherecoveryofgoryzanolrichextractswithimprovedbioactivityfromricebran AT anateresaserra optimizationofsupercriticalfluidextractionfortherecoveryofgoryzanolrichextractswithimprovedbioactivityfromricebran AT mariadorosariobronze optimizationofsupercriticalfluidextractionfortherecoveryofgoryzanolrichextractswithimprovedbioactivityfromricebran AT naiarafernandez optimizationofsupercriticalfluidextractionfortherecoveryofgoryzanolrichextractswithimprovedbioactivityfromricebran |