Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice: Physiological and Biochemical Insights

Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.), an important food crop, necessitates more water to complete its life cycle than other crops. Therefore, there is a serious risk to rice output due to water-related stress. Drought stress results in morphological changes, including the inhibition of seed ger...

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Main Authors: Aysha Siddika Jarin, Md. Moshiul Islam, Al Rahat, Sujat Ahmed, Pallab Ghosh, Yoshiyuki Murata
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-07-01
Series:International Journal of Plant Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2037-0164/15/3/51
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author Aysha Siddika Jarin
Md. Moshiul Islam
Al Rahat
Sujat Ahmed
Pallab Ghosh
Yoshiyuki Murata
author_facet Aysha Siddika Jarin
Md. Moshiul Islam
Al Rahat
Sujat Ahmed
Pallab Ghosh
Yoshiyuki Murata
author_sort Aysha Siddika Jarin
collection DOAJ
description Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.), an important food crop, necessitates more water to complete its life cycle than other crops. Therefore, there is a serious risk to rice output due to water-related stress. Drought stress results in morphological changes, including the inhibition of seed germination, reduced seeding growth, leaf area index, flag leaf area, increased leaf rolling, as well as the decrement of yield traits, such as plant height, plant biomass, number of tillers, and 1000-grain yield. Stress also causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and OH<sup>−</sup>, which promote oxidative stress in plants and cause oxidative damage. The process of oxidative degradation owing to water stress produces cell damage and a reduction in nutrient intake, photosynthetic rate, leaf area, RWC, WUE, and stomatal closure, which may be responsible for the decrement of the transpiration rate and plant dry matter under decreasing soil moisture. Plants have the ability to produce antioxidant species that can either be enzymatic (SOD, POD, CAT, GPX, APX) or non-enzymatic (AsA, GSH) in nature to overcome oxidative stress. During drought, several biochemical osmoprotectants, like proline, polyamines, and sugars, can be accumulated, which can enhance drought tolerance in rice. To meet the demands of an ever-growing population with diminishing water resources, it is necessary to have crop varieties that are highly adapted to dry environments, and it may also involve adopting some mitigation strategies. This study aims to assess the varying morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of the rice plant to drought, and the various methods for alleviating drought stress.
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spelling doaj-art-167e7371ccff4b7ea78a6bb09d8bbebc2025-08-20T01:55:33ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Plant Biology2037-01642024-07-0115369271810.3390/ijpb15030051Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice: Physiological and Biochemical InsightsAysha Siddika Jarin0Md. Moshiul Islam1Al Rahat2Sujat Ahmed3Pallab Ghosh4Yoshiyuki Murata5Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, BangladeshDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, BangladeshDepartment of Agroforestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, BangladeshDepartment of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, BangladeshDepartment of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, BangladeshGraduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama 700-8530, JapanRice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.), an important food crop, necessitates more water to complete its life cycle than other crops. Therefore, there is a serious risk to rice output due to water-related stress. Drought stress results in morphological changes, including the inhibition of seed germination, reduced seeding growth, leaf area index, flag leaf area, increased leaf rolling, as well as the decrement of yield traits, such as plant height, plant biomass, number of tillers, and 1000-grain yield. Stress also causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and OH<sup>−</sup>, which promote oxidative stress in plants and cause oxidative damage. The process of oxidative degradation owing to water stress produces cell damage and a reduction in nutrient intake, photosynthetic rate, leaf area, RWC, WUE, and stomatal closure, which may be responsible for the decrement of the transpiration rate and plant dry matter under decreasing soil moisture. Plants have the ability to produce antioxidant species that can either be enzymatic (SOD, POD, CAT, GPX, APX) or non-enzymatic (AsA, GSH) in nature to overcome oxidative stress. During drought, several biochemical osmoprotectants, like proline, polyamines, and sugars, can be accumulated, which can enhance drought tolerance in rice. To meet the demands of an ever-growing population with diminishing water resources, it is necessary to have crop varieties that are highly adapted to dry environments, and it may also involve adopting some mitigation strategies. This study aims to assess the varying morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of the rice plant to drought, and the various methods for alleviating drought stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2037-0164/15/3/51water scarcityrelative water content (RWC)reactive oxygen species (ROS)anti-oxidative enzymesosmoprotectantsyield attribute
spellingShingle Aysha Siddika Jarin
Md. Moshiul Islam
Al Rahat
Sujat Ahmed
Pallab Ghosh
Yoshiyuki Murata
Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice: Physiological and Biochemical Insights
International Journal of Plant Biology
water scarcity
relative water content (RWC)
reactive oxygen species (ROS)
anti-oxidative enzymes
osmoprotectants
yield attribute
title Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice: Physiological and Biochemical Insights
title_full Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice: Physiological and Biochemical Insights
title_fullStr Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice: Physiological and Biochemical Insights
title_full_unstemmed Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice: Physiological and Biochemical Insights
title_short Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice: Physiological and Biochemical Insights
title_sort drought stress tolerance in rice physiological and biochemical insights
topic water scarcity
relative water content (RWC)
reactive oxygen species (ROS)
anti-oxidative enzymes
osmoprotectants
yield attribute
url https://www.mdpi.com/2037-0164/15/3/51
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