An Exceptionally Rare Predation on a Chameleon Species (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) by a Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Aves: Strigidae)

The Eurasian eagle-owl (<i>Bubo bubo</i>) is a large, generalist predator widely distributed across Eurasia, including mainland Greece, where it occupies a broad range of habitats. Its diet is known to consist primarily of mammals and birds, with reptiles occasionally included. However,...

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Main Authors: Apostolos Christopoulos, Luca Cornacchia, Christos Kotselis, Yiannis G. Zevgolis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Diversity
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/5/333
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author Apostolos Christopoulos
Luca Cornacchia
Christos Kotselis
Yiannis G. Zevgolis
author_facet Apostolos Christopoulos
Luca Cornacchia
Christos Kotselis
Yiannis G. Zevgolis
author_sort Apostolos Christopoulos
collection DOAJ
description The Eurasian eagle-owl (<i>Bubo bubo</i>) is a large, generalist predator widely distributed across Eurasia, including mainland Greece, where it occupies a broad range of habitats. Its diet is known to consist primarily of mammals and birds, with reptiles occasionally included. However, to date, chameleons have not been documented among its prey. Here, we report the first confirmed case of <i>B. bubo</i> preying on an African chameleon (<i>Chamaeleo africanus</i>) in the western Peloponnese of southern Greece—a region where the two species occur in limited sympatry. <i>C. africanus</i>, native to North Africa and introduced to Greece since antiquity, is a diurnal, slow-moving, arboreal lizard with highly cryptic behavior and specialized anti-predator strategies. Despite these traits, our observation highlights its potential vulnerability to nocturnal avian predators. This rare predation event offers novel insights into the trophic ecology of <i>B. bubo</i> and raises important considerations for the conservation of <i>C. africanus</i>, a species listed as Critically Endangered in Greece and increasingly threatened by habitat loss, illegal collection, and road traffic collisions.
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spelling doaj-art-167bb73348634ff5ab622a6733e376e32025-08-20T03:47:52ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182025-05-0117533310.3390/d17050333An Exceptionally Rare Predation on a Chameleon Species (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) by a Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Aves: Strigidae)Apostolos Christopoulos0Luca Cornacchia1Christos Kotselis2Yiannis G. Zevgolis3Department of Zoology and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, GreeceIndependent Researcher, 15771 Athens, GreeceIndependent Researcher, 10434 Athens, GreeceBiodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81132 Mytilene, GreeceThe Eurasian eagle-owl (<i>Bubo bubo</i>) is a large, generalist predator widely distributed across Eurasia, including mainland Greece, where it occupies a broad range of habitats. Its diet is known to consist primarily of mammals and birds, with reptiles occasionally included. However, to date, chameleons have not been documented among its prey. Here, we report the first confirmed case of <i>B. bubo</i> preying on an African chameleon (<i>Chamaeleo africanus</i>) in the western Peloponnese of southern Greece—a region where the two species occur in limited sympatry. <i>C. africanus</i>, native to North Africa and introduced to Greece since antiquity, is a diurnal, slow-moving, arboreal lizard with highly cryptic behavior and specialized anti-predator strategies. Despite these traits, our observation highlights its potential vulnerability to nocturnal avian predators. This rare predation event offers novel insights into the trophic ecology of <i>B. bubo</i> and raises important considerations for the conservation of <i>C. africanus</i>, a species listed as Critically Endangered in Greece and increasingly threatened by habitat loss, illegal collection, and road traffic collisions.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/5/333<i>Chamaeleo africanus</i>species interactionsGreeceStrigiformessympatric species
spellingShingle Apostolos Christopoulos
Luca Cornacchia
Christos Kotselis
Yiannis G. Zevgolis
An Exceptionally Rare Predation on a Chameleon Species (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) by a Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Aves: Strigidae)
Diversity
<i>Chamaeleo africanus</i>
species interactions
Greece
Strigiformes
sympatric species
title An Exceptionally Rare Predation on a Chameleon Species (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) by a Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Aves: Strigidae)
title_full An Exceptionally Rare Predation on a Chameleon Species (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) by a Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Aves: Strigidae)
title_fullStr An Exceptionally Rare Predation on a Chameleon Species (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) by a Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Aves: Strigidae)
title_full_unstemmed An Exceptionally Rare Predation on a Chameleon Species (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) by a Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Aves: Strigidae)
title_short An Exceptionally Rare Predation on a Chameleon Species (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) by a Eurasian Eagle-Owl (Aves: Strigidae)
title_sort exceptionally rare predation on a chameleon species squamata chamaeleonidae by a eurasian eagle owl aves strigidae
topic <i>Chamaeleo africanus</i>
species interactions
Greece
Strigiformes
sympatric species
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/5/333
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