A novel node grade factor based multi-path routing (NGFMR) approach for improved qos in cognitive wireless sensor networks
Cognitive sensor networks (CSNs) utilize cognitive radio technology to adapt to environmental changes and optimize performance dynamically. However, these networks encounter significant challenges, including fluctuating spectrum conditions, node mobility, and limited resources. Multi-path routing pr...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025015178 |
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| author | L․V․R․Chaitanya Prasad Yedukondalu Kamatham Dhiraj Sunehra |
| author_facet | L․V․R․Chaitanya Prasad Yedukondalu Kamatham Dhiraj Sunehra |
| author_sort | L․V․R․Chaitanya Prasad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cognitive sensor networks (CSNs) utilize cognitive radio technology to adapt to environmental changes and optimize performance dynamically. However, these networks encounter significant challenges, including fluctuating spectrum conditions, node mobility, and limited resources. Multi-path routing protocols have emerged as effective solutions to enhance the reliability and resilience of inter-node communication. Nevertheless, many existing multi-path routing protocols face increased overhead, inflexibility, and inadequate responsiveness to changing conditions. This research addresses these shortcomings by proposing a Node Grade Factor (NGF)-centered, node-disjoint multi-path routing protocols, named NGFMR. The protocol focuses on energy-efficient route selection while catering to the demands of recent communication. By integrating Quality of Service (QoS) criteria including distance to the sink, spectrum accessibility, communication costs, and node delay, NGFMR optimizes route selection to enhance network performance. This approach ensures a more equitable network load distribution across multiple routes, improving QoS. Simulation results indicate that NGFMR significantly surpasses existing protocols in metrics like network throughput, packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, and end-to-end latency, demonstrating its suitability for the advanced requirements of future wireless networks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-167b93da571a4f329df1574fc5fdd53c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-167b93da571a4f329df1574fc5fdd53c2025-08-20T02:31:08ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610544710.1016/j.rineng.2025.105447A novel node grade factor based multi-path routing (NGFMR) approach for improved qos in cognitive wireless sensor networksL․V․R․Chaitanya Prasad0Yedukondalu Kamatham1Dhiraj Sunehra2Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad-501301, Telangana, India; Research Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, JNTUH, Hyderabad-500085, Telangana, India; Corresponding author.Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad-501510, Telangana, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, JNTUH University College of Engineering, Rajanna Sircilla, Telangana-505302, IndiaCognitive sensor networks (CSNs) utilize cognitive radio technology to adapt to environmental changes and optimize performance dynamically. However, these networks encounter significant challenges, including fluctuating spectrum conditions, node mobility, and limited resources. Multi-path routing protocols have emerged as effective solutions to enhance the reliability and resilience of inter-node communication. Nevertheless, many existing multi-path routing protocols face increased overhead, inflexibility, and inadequate responsiveness to changing conditions. This research addresses these shortcomings by proposing a Node Grade Factor (NGF)-centered, node-disjoint multi-path routing protocols, named NGFMR. The protocol focuses on energy-efficient route selection while catering to the demands of recent communication. By integrating Quality of Service (QoS) criteria including distance to the sink, spectrum accessibility, communication costs, and node delay, NGFMR optimizes route selection to enhance network performance. This approach ensures a more equitable network load distribution across multiple routes, improving QoS. Simulation results indicate that NGFMR significantly surpasses existing protocols in metrics like network throughput, packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, and end-to-end latency, demonstrating its suitability for the advanced requirements of future wireless networks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025015178CSNMulti-path routing protocolNode grade factorQoSPacket delivery ratio |
| spellingShingle | L․V․R․Chaitanya Prasad Yedukondalu Kamatham Dhiraj Sunehra A novel node grade factor based multi-path routing (NGFMR) approach for improved qos in cognitive wireless sensor networks Results in Engineering CSN Multi-path routing protocol Node grade factor QoS Packet delivery ratio |
| title | A novel node grade factor based multi-path routing (NGFMR) approach for improved qos in cognitive wireless sensor networks |
| title_full | A novel node grade factor based multi-path routing (NGFMR) approach for improved qos in cognitive wireless sensor networks |
| title_fullStr | A novel node grade factor based multi-path routing (NGFMR) approach for improved qos in cognitive wireless sensor networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | A novel node grade factor based multi-path routing (NGFMR) approach for improved qos in cognitive wireless sensor networks |
| title_short | A novel node grade factor based multi-path routing (NGFMR) approach for improved qos in cognitive wireless sensor networks |
| title_sort | novel node grade factor based multi path routing ngfmr approach for improved qos in cognitive wireless sensor networks |
| topic | CSN Multi-path routing protocol Node grade factor QoS Packet delivery ratio |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025015178 |
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