A novel node grade factor based multi-path routing (NGFMR) approach for improved qos in cognitive wireless sensor networks
Cognitive sensor networks (CSNs) utilize cognitive radio technology to adapt to environmental changes and optimize performance dynamically. However, these networks encounter significant challenges, including fluctuating spectrum conditions, node mobility, and limited resources. Multi-path routing pr...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Results in Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025015178 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | Cognitive sensor networks (CSNs) utilize cognitive radio technology to adapt to environmental changes and optimize performance dynamically. However, these networks encounter significant challenges, including fluctuating spectrum conditions, node mobility, and limited resources. Multi-path routing protocols have emerged as effective solutions to enhance the reliability and resilience of inter-node communication. Nevertheless, many existing multi-path routing protocols face increased overhead, inflexibility, and inadequate responsiveness to changing conditions. This research addresses these shortcomings by proposing a Node Grade Factor (NGF)-centered, node-disjoint multi-path routing protocols, named NGFMR. The protocol focuses on energy-efficient route selection while catering to the demands of recent communication. By integrating Quality of Service (QoS) criteria including distance to the sink, spectrum accessibility, communication costs, and node delay, NGFMR optimizes route selection to enhance network performance. This approach ensures a more equitable network load distribution across multiple routes, improving QoS. Simulation results indicate that NGFMR significantly surpasses existing protocols in metrics like network throughput, packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, and end-to-end latency, demonstrating its suitability for the advanced requirements of future wireless networks. |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 2590-1230 |