Sustainable RCCI engine operation with an ANN based novel tri-fuel approach

Abstract This research delves into a novel tri-fuel RCCI engine strategy that uses diesel as the base fuel, biodiesel from Andropogon narudus, and hydrogen as a reactivity promoter to enhance combustion efficiency and enhance environmental sustainability. The tested blends, BD80H20 and BD70H30, show...

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Main Authors: P. V. Elumalai, Chin-Shiuh Shieh, M. Sreenivasa Reddy, S. Rama Sree, Shashikumar Krishnan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09984-y
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author P. V. Elumalai
Chin-Shiuh Shieh
M. Sreenivasa Reddy
S. Rama Sree
Shashikumar Krishnan
author_facet P. V. Elumalai
Chin-Shiuh Shieh
M. Sreenivasa Reddy
S. Rama Sree
Shashikumar Krishnan
author_sort P. V. Elumalai
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This research delves into a novel tri-fuel RCCI engine strategy that uses diesel as the base fuel, biodiesel from Andropogon narudus, and hydrogen as a reactivity promoter to enhance combustion efficiency and enhance environmental sustainability. The tested blends, BD80H20 and BD70H30, showed a 3–5% improvement in Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) compared to conventional diesel at full load operation. Hydrogen-rich blends recorded a 5–8% brake-specific fuel economy improvement over diesel and B20 at both 75% and 100% engine loads. The biodiesel has made a substantial reduction in hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Specifically, B20 recorded a 15% decrease in HC and 12% decrease in CO emission compared to straight diesel, while hydrogen blends register another decrease of 20–25% in CO emissions. The addition of hydrogen resulted in a rough estimate of 10–15% increase in the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), reflecting an emission trade-off. The smoke opacity decrease varied between 18 and 25% for hydrogen–biodiesel blends, reflecting an increased combustion efficiency level. The increase in in-cylinder peak pressure by 5–10% with hydrogen reflects an accelerated and efficient combustion process. A sustainability analysis by means of a Pugh matrix and Kiviat plot showed that BD80H20 was the most sustainable mixture. The ANN validation proved to be of excellent prediction quality, with RMSE values ranging from 0.9965 to 0.9996, and MPAE less than 4%.
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spelling doaj-art-166ceb6e424e4d51aded9b5bf3cdffe92025-08-20T03:45:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-09984-ySustainable RCCI engine operation with an ANN based novel tri-fuel approachP. V. Elumalai0Chin-Shiuh Shieh1M. Sreenivasa Reddy2S. Rama Sree3Shashikumar Krishnan4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya UniversityDepartment of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya UniversityDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Aditya UniversityFaculty of Artificial Intellignece and Engineering (FAIE), Multimedia UniversityAbstract This research delves into a novel tri-fuel RCCI engine strategy that uses diesel as the base fuel, biodiesel from Andropogon narudus, and hydrogen as a reactivity promoter to enhance combustion efficiency and enhance environmental sustainability. The tested blends, BD80H20 and BD70H30, showed a 3–5% improvement in Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) compared to conventional diesel at full load operation. Hydrogen-rich blends recorded a 5–8% brake-specific fuel economy improvement over diesel and B20 at both 75% and 100% engine loads. The biodiesel has made a substantial reduction in hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Specifically, B20 recorded a 15% decrease in HC and 12% decrease in CO emission compared to straight diesel, while hydrogen blends register another decrease of 20–25% in CO emissions. The addition of hydrogen resulted in a rough estimate of 10–15% increase in the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), reflecting an emission trade-off. The smoke opacity decrease varied between 18 and 25% for hydrogen–biodiesel blends, reflecting an increased combustion efficiency level. The increase in in-cylinder peak pressure by 5–10% with hydrogen reflects an accelerated and efficient combustion process. A sustainability analysis by means of a Pugh matrix and Kiviat plot showed that BD80H20 was the most sustainable mixture. The ANN validation proved to be of excellent prediction quality, with RMSE values ranging from 0.9965 to 0.9996, and MPAE less than 4%.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09984-yRCCI engineTri-fuel approachPugh matrixSustainability assessmentMachine learning algorithmsANN
spellingShingle P. V. Elumalai
Chin-Shiuh Shieh
M. Sreenivasa Reddy
S. Rama Sree
Shashikumar Krishnan
Sustainable RCCI engine operation with an ANN based novel tri-fuel approach
Scientific Reports
RCCI engine
Tri-fuel approach
Pugh matrix
Sustainability assessment
Machine learning algorithms
ANN
title Sustainable RCCI engine operation with an ANN based novel tri-fuel approach
title_full Sustainable RCCI engine operation with an ANN based novel tri-fuel approach
title_fullStr Sustainable RCCI engine operation with an ANN based novel tri-fuel approach
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable RCCI engine operation with an ANN based novel tri-fuel approach
title_short Sustainable RCCI engine operation with an ANN based novel tri-fuel approach
title_sort sustainable rcci engine operation with an ann based novel tri fuel approach
topic RCCI engine
Tri-fuel approach
Pugh matrix
Sustainability assessment
Machine learning algorithms
ANN
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09984-y
work_keys_str_mv AT pvelumalai sustainablercciengineoperationwithanannbasednoveltrifuelapproach
AT chinshiuhshieh sustainablercciengineoperationwithanannbasednoveltrifuelapproach
AT msreenivasareddy sustainablercciengineoperationwithanannbasednoveltrifuelapproach
AT sramasree sustainablercciengineoperationwithanannbasednoveltrifuelapproach
AT shashikumarkrishnan sustainablercciengineoperationwithanannbasednoveltrifuelapproach