Irisin Attenuates Neuroinflammation Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Neuroinflammation is defined as an immune response involving various cell types, particularly microglia, which monitor the neuroimmune axis. Microglia activate in two distinct ways: M1, which is pro-inflammatory and capable of inducing phagocytosis and releasing pro-inflammatory factors, and M2, whi...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5623 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850060236569706496 |
|---|---|
| author | Francesca Martina Filannino Melania Ruggiero Maria Antonietta Panaro Dario Domenico Lofrumento Teresa Trotta Tarek Benameur Antonia Cianciulli Rosa Calvello Federico Zoila Chiara Porro |
| author_facet | Francesca Martina Filannino Melania Ruggiero Maria Antonietta Panaro Dario Domenico Lofrumento Teresa Trotta Tarek Benameur Antonia Cianciulli Rosa Calvello Federico Zoila Chiara Porro |
| author_sort | Francesca Martina Filannino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neuroinflammation is defined as an immune response involving various cell types, particularly microglia, which monitor the neuroimmune axis. Microglia activate in two distinct ways: M1, which is pro-inflammatory and capable of inducing phagocytosis and releasing pro-inflammatory factors, and M2, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that form in response to internal danger signals, activating caspase-1 and leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1β. Irisin, a peptide primarily released by muscles during exercise, was examined for its effects on BV2 microglial cells in vitro. Even at low concentrations, irisin was observed to influence the NLRP3 inflammasome, showing potential as a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agent after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Irisin helped maintain microglia in their typical physiological state and reduced their migratory capacity. Irisin also increased Arg-1 protein expression, a marker of M2 polarization, while downregulating NLRP3, Pycard, caspase-1, IL-1β, and CD14. The results of this study indicate that irisin may serve as a crucial mediator of neuroprotection, thus representing an innovative tool for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-164fdc768c764bf0ac8ccbb23c697e13 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-164fdc768c764bf0ac8ccbb23c697e132025-08-20T02:50:38ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-11-012923562310.3390/molecules29235623Irisin Attenuates Neuroinflammation Targeting the NLRP3 InflammasomeFrancesca Martina Filannino0Melania Ruggiero1Maria Antonietta Panaro2Dario Domenico Lofrumento3Teresa Trotta4Tarek Benameur5Antonia Cianciulli6Rosa Calvello7Federico Zoila8Chiara Porro9Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71100 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71100 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71100 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71100 Foggia, ItalyNeuroinflammation is defined as an immune response involving various cell types, particularly microglia, which monitor the neuroimmune axis. Microglia activate in two distinct ways: M1, which is pro-inflammatory and capable of inducing phagocytosis and releasing pro-inflammatory factors, and M2, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that form in response to internal danger signals, activating caspase-1 and leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1β. Irisin, a peptide primarily released by muscles during exercise, was examined for its effects on BV2 microglial cells in vitro. Even at low concentrations, irisin was observed to influence the NLRP3 inflammasome, showing potential as a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agent after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Irisin helped maintain microglia in their typical physiological state and reduced their migratory capacity. Irisin also increased Arg-1 protein expression, a marker of M2 polarization, while downregulating NLRP3, Pycard, caspase-1, IL-1β, and CD14. The results of this study indicate that irisin may serve as a crucial mediator of neuroprotection, thus representing an innovative tool for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5623microgliairisininflammasomeneuroinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Francesca Martina Filannino Melania Ruggiero Maria Antonietta Panaro Dario Domenico Lofrumento Teresa Trotta Tarek Benameur Antonia Cianciulli Rosa Calvello Federico Zoila Chiara Porro Irisin Attenuates Neuroinflammation Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome Molecules microglia irisin inflammasome neuroinflammation |
| title | Irisin Attenuates Neuroinflammation Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome |
| title_full | Irisin Attenuates Neuroinflammation Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome |
| title_fullStr | Irisin Attenuates Neuroinflammation Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Irisin Attenuates Neuroinflammation Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome |
| title_short | Irisin Attenuates Neuroinflammation Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome |
| title_sort | irisin attenuates neuroinflammation targeting the nlrp3 inflammasome |
| topic | microglia irisin inflammasome neuroinflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5623 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT francescamartinafilannino irisinattenuatesneuroinflammationtargetingthenlrp3inflammasome AT melaniaruggiero irisinattenuatesneuroinflammationtargetingthenlrp3inflammasome AT mariaantoniettapanaro irisinattenuatesneuroinflammationtargetingthenlrp3inflammasome AT dariodomenicolofrumento irisinattenuatesneuroinflammationtargetingthenlrp3inflammasome AT teresatrotta irisinattenuatesneuroinflammationtargetingthenlrp3inflammasome AT tarekbenameur irisinattenuatesneuroinflammationtargetingthenlrp3inflammasome AT antoniacianciulli irisinattenuatesneuroinflammationtargetingthenlrp3inflammasome AT rosacalvello irisinattenuatesneuroinflammationtargetingthenlrp3inflammasome AT federicozoila irisinattenuatesneuroinflammationtargetingthenlrp3inflammasome AT chiaraporro irisinattenuatesneuroinflammationtargetingthenlrp3inflammasome |