Evidence for a newly discovered triallelic pattern in the human STR D1S1656 locus

In this study, we report a case of a previously undetected triallelic pattern in the arrangement of structures at the D1S1656 locus in the Bulgarian population. The D1S1656 locus is one of the most widely used targets, present in almost all genetic analyses of DNA in forensic medical examinations. D...

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Main Authors: Vera Djeliova, Tsanko Markov, Stanislava Dimitrova-Nikolova, Dimo Krastev, Milka Mileva, Aleksandar Apostolov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/13102818.2025.2477444
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author Vera Djeliova
Tsanko Markov
Stanislava Dimitrova-Nikolova
Dimo Krastev
Milka Mileva
Aleksandar Apostolov
author_facet Vera Djeliova
Tsanko Markov
Stanislava Dimitrova-Nikolova
Dimo Krastev
Milka Mileva
Aleksandar Apostolov
author_sort Vera Djeliova
collection DOAJ
description In this study, we report a case of a previously undetected triallelic pattern in the arrangement of structures at the D1S1656 locus in the Bulgarian population. The D1S1656 locus is one of the most widely used targets, present in almost all genetic analyses of DNA in forensic medical examinations. During routine forensic analyses for determining loci, we encountered a triallelic pattern in the genetic profile of biological materials from one individual. The samples were taken from a plastic cup and a bottle used by the suspect and were compared with seized material from the buccal mucosa by swabbing from the same individual. The results of the analyzed STR markers, performed using the PCR Amplification Kit, were compared with the nomenclature values of the analyzed STR markers contained in the AmpFlSTR NGM. We performed the identification with a confirmed genotype for the control DNA and compared with the control sample, in which the amplification product is missing. To better characterize the allele outside the allelic ladder of the size, we performed a re-extraction and re-amplification with the PowerPlex® Fusion 6 C System of the reference material from the registered individual. Analysis of the obtained results showed that the anomaly we observed belongs to the tri-allelic type I models. From the extensive review of the forensic literature, we found that such an anomaly has not been reported to date. This specific genetic anomaly confirmed the identification of the suspect and served the forensic scientists in solving the specific case.
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spelling doaj-art-1646d6d7fd9f425b8831e7b0ec12a85d2025-08-20T02:29:11ZengTaylor & Francis GroupBiotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment1310-28181314-35302025-12-0139110.1080/13102818.2025.2477444Evidence for a newly discovered triallelic pattern in the human STR D1S1656 locusVera Djeliova0Tsanko Markov1Stanislava Dimitrova-Nikolova2Dimo Krastev3Milka Mileva4Aleksandar Apostolov5Institute of Molecular Biology ‘Akad. RoumenTsanev’, Department of the Molecular Biology of the Cell Cycle, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, BulgariaDNA Laboratory at the National Institute of Forensics, Sofia, BulgariaDNA Laboratory at the National Institute of Forensics, Sofia, BulgariaCollege of Medicine ‘Yordanka Filaretova’, Medical University, Sofia, BulgariaLaboratory of Biological Response Modifiers and Pathogenesis of Viral Infections, Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, BulgariaIn this study, we report a case of a previously undetected triallelic pattern in the arrangement of structures at the D1S1656 locus in the Bulgarian population. The D1S1656 locus is one of the most widely used targets, present in almost all genetic analyses of DNA in forensic medical examinations. During routine forensic analyses for determining loci, we encountered a triallelic pattern in the genetic profile of biological materials from one individual. The samples were taken from a plastic cup and a bottle used by the suspect and were compared with seized material from the buccal mucosa by swabbing from the same individual. The results of the analyzed STR markers, performed using the PCR Amplification Kit, were compared with the nomenclature values of the analyzed STR markers contained in the AmpFlSTR NGM. We performed the identification with a confirmed genotype for the control DNA and compared with the control sample, in which the amplification product is missing. To better characterize the allele outside the allelic ladder of the size, we performed a re-extraction and re-amplification with the PowerPlex® Fusion 6 C System of the reference material from the registered individual. Analysis of the obtained results showed that the anomaly we observed belongs to the tri-allelic type I models. From the extensive review of the forensic literature, we found that such an anomaly has not been reported to date. This specific genetic anomaly confirmed the identification of the suspect and served the forensic scientists in solving the specific case.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/13102818.2025.2477444DNA typingshort tandem repeat (STR)triallelic patterns
spellingShingle Vera Djeliova
Tsanko Markov
Stanislava Dimitrova-Nikolova
Dimo Krastev
Milka Mileva
Aleksandar Apostolov
Evidence for a newly discovered triallelic pattern in the human STR D1S1656 locus
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment
DNA typing
short tandem repeat (STR)
triallelic patterns
title Evidence for a newly discovered triallelic pattern in the human STR D1S1656 locus
title_full Evidence for a newly discovered triallelic pattern in the human STR D1S1656 locus
title_fullStr Evidence for a newly discovered triallelic pattern in the human STR D1S1656 locus
title_full_unstemmed Evidence for a newly discovered triallelic pattern in the human STR D1S1656 locus
title_short Evidence for a newly discovered triallelic pattern in the human STR D1S1656 locus
title_sort evidence for a newly discovered triallelic pattern in the human str d1s1656 locus
topic DNA typing
short tandem repeat (STR)
triallelic patterns
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/13102818.2025.2477444
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